Quality Control of Fetal Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles
Illayaraja Krishnan,1 Chiew Yong Ng,1 Li Ting Kee,1 Min Hwei Ng,1 Jia Xian Law,1 Thavachelvi Thangarajah,2 Ani Amelia Zainuddin,3 Zalina Mahmood,4 Shathiya Rajamanickam,5 Baskar Subramani,5 Yogeswaran Lokanathan1,6 1Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (DTERM), Faculty of Medic...
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Dove Medical Press
2025-02-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Nanomedicine |
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| author | Krishnan I Ng CY Kee LT Ng MH Law JX Thangarajah T Zainuddin AA Mahmood Z Rajamanickam S Subramani B Lokanathan Y |
| author_facet | Krishnan I Ng CY Kee LT Ng MH Law JX Thangarajah T Zainuddin AA Mahmood Z Rajamanickam S Subramani B Lokanathan Y |
| author_sort | Krishnan I |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Illayaraja Krishnan,1 Chiew Yong Ng,1 Li Ting Kee,1 Min Hwei Ng,1 Jia Xian Law,1 Thavachelvi Thangarajah,2 Ani Amelia Zainuddin,3 Zalina Mahmood,4 Shathiya Rajamanickam,5 Baskar Subramani,5 Yogeswaran Lokanathan1,6 1Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (DTERM), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hospital Angkatan Tentera (HAT) Tuanku Mizan, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 4Production and Blood Supply Management Division, National Blood Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 5Medixcell Sdn. Bhd., Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 6Advance Bioactive Materials-Cells UKM Research Group, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, MalaysiaCorrespondence: Yogeswaran Lokanathan, Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Tel +603-91459590, Email lyoges@ppukm.ukm.edu.myBackground: Quality control (QC) is an important element in ensuring drug substances’ safety, efficacy, and quality. The dosing regimen for sEVs can be in the form of protein concentration or the number of particles based on the results of a series of quality controls applied as in-process control.Methods: Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells (WJMSCs) were isolated from four independent umbilical cord samples and were characterized following the International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) guidelines. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) were isolated separately from these four WJMSCs samples using the Tangential Flow Filtration (TFF) method and were characterized per Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles (MISEV2018) guidelines. Each isolated and concentrated sEV preparation was standardized and its purity was determined by the ratio of the number of particles to protein concentration.Results: All the WJMSCs samples passed the Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) characterization QC tests. Qualitatively, EVs-positive markers (CD63 and TSG101) and intact bilipid membrane vesicles were detected in all the sEV preparations. Quantitatively, the protein and particle concentrations revealed that all the sEV preparations were “impure” with < 1.5 × 109 particles/μg protein. Albumin was co-isolated in all the sEV preparations.Conclusion: In short, all characterized and standardized individual and pooled sEV preparations were deemed “impure” due to albumin co-isolation using the TFF method. For therapeutic development, it is essential to report protein and particle concentrations in EV preparations based on these QC results.Keywords: quality control, umbilical cord, Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells, tangential flow filtration, small extracellular vesicles, purity |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-64c0470ee6d744e4991f81f14ef0dc95 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1178-2013 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Dove Medical Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Nanomedicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-64c0470ee6d744e4991f81f14ef0dc952025-02-11T17:30:56ZengDove Medical PressInternational Journal of Nanomedicine1178-20132025-02-01Volume 2018071820100082Quality Control of Fetal Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Small Extracellular VesiclesKrishnan INg CYKee LTNg MHLaw JXThangarajah TZainuddin AAMahmood ZRajamanickam SSubramani BLokanathan YIllayaraja Krishnan,1 Chiew Yong Ng,1 Li Ting Kee,1 Min Hwei Ng,1 Jia Xian Law,1 Thavachelvi Thangarajah,2 Ani Amelia Zainuddin,3 Zalina Mahmood,4 Shathiya Rajamanickam,5 Baskar Subramani,5 Yogeswaran Lokanathan1,6 1Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (DTERM), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hospital Angkatan Tentera (HAT) Tuanku Mizan, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 4Production and Blood Supply Management Division, National Blood Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 5Medixcell Sdn. Bhd., Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 6Advance Bioactive Materials-Cells UKM Research Group, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, MalaysiaCorrespondence: Yogeswaran Lokanathan, Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Tel +603-91459590, Email lyoges@ppukm.ukm.edu.myBackground: Quality control (QC) is an important element in ensuring drug substances’ safety, efficacy, and quality. The dosing regimen for sEVs can be in the form of protein concentration or the number of particles based on the results of a series of quality controls applied as in-process control.Methods: Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells (WJMSCs) were isolated from four independent umbilical cord samples and were characterized following the International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) guidelines. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) were isolated separately from these four WJMSCs samples using the Tangential Flow Filtration (TFF) method and were characterized per Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles (MISEV2018) guidelines. Each isolated and concentrated sEV preparation was standardized and its purity was determined by the ratio of the number of particles to protein concentration.Results: All the WJMSCs samples passed the Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) characterization QC tests. Qualitatively, EVs-positive markers (CD63 and TSG101) and intact bilipid membrane vesicles were detected in all the sEV preparations. Quantitatively, the protein and particle concentrations revealed that all the sEV preparations were “impure” with < 1.5 × 109 particles/μg protein. Albumin was co-isolated in all the sEV preparations.Conclusion: In short, all characterized and standardized individual and pooled sEV preparations were deemed “impure” due to albumin co-isolation using the TFF method. For therapeutic development, it is essential to report protein and particle concentrations in EV preparations based on these QC results.Keywords: quality control, umbilical cord, Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells, tangential flow filtration, small extracellular vesicles, purityhttps://www.dovepress.com/quality-control-of-fetal-whartons-jelly-mesenchymal-stem-cells-derived-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJNquality controlumbilical cordwharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cellstangential flow filtrationsmall extracellular vesiclespurity |
| spellingShingle | Krishnan I Ng CY Kee LT Ng MH Law JX Thangarajah T Zainuddin AA Mahmood Z Rajamanickam S Subramani B Lokanathan Y Quality Control of Fetal Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles International Journal of Nanomedicine quality control umbilical cord wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells tangential flow filtration small extracellular vesicles purity |
| title | Quality Control of Fetal Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles |
| title_full | Quality Control of Fetal Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles |
| title_fullStr | Quality Control of Fetal Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quality Control of Fetal Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles |
| title_short | Quality Control of Fetal Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles |
| title_sort | quality control of fetal wharton rsquo s jelly mesenchymal stem cells derived small extracellular vesicles |
| topic | quality control umbilical cord wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells tangential flow filtration small extracellular vesicles purity |
| url | https://www.dovepress.com/quality-control-of-fetal-whartons-jelly-mesenchymal-stem-cells-derived-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJN |
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