Evaluation of Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immunity Induced by Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine in Pre-COVID-19 Japan

Evaluation of Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immunity Induced by Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine in Pre-COVID-19 Japan

This study aimed to evaluate the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses induced by an inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV4) during the 2019/2020 influenza season in Japan. We collected blood samples from 25 healthy adults before vaccination, 2 weeks post-vaccination, and 5 months post-vaccination...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Naruhito Otani, Toshiomi Okuno, Kumiko Yamada, Toshie Tsuchida, Kaori Ishikawa, Kaoru Ichiki, Takashi Ueda, Yoshio Takesue, Satoshi Higasa, Kazuhiko Nakajima
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Viruses
Subjects:
influenza
vaccine
cell-mediated immunity
IFN-γ
hemagglutination inhibition
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/5/626
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