The Role of Coastal Upwelling in Suppressing the Warming Trend of Sea Surface Temperature along the Southern Coast of Java
This study examines the unclear role of wind-driven upwelling through Ekman transport and pumping, along with the combined effects of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) trends on the warming rate of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) along the southern coast of Java. Us...
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Diponegoro University; Association of Indonesian Coastal Management Experts
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Ilmu Kelautan |
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| Online Access: | https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/ijms/article/view/70639 |
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| author | Daenk Himawa Anindya Wirasatriya Kunarso Kunarso Parichat Wetchayont |
| author_facet | Daenk Himawa Anindya Wirasatriya Kunarso Kunarso Parichat Wetchayont |
| author_sort | Daenk Himawa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study examines the unclear role of wind-driven upwelling through Ekman transport and pumping, along with the combined effects of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) trends on the warming rate of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) along the southern coast of Java. Using data from 1940 to 2023, we investigated how IOD, ENSO, Ekman transport, and Ekman pumping influence SST trends. Our results reveal a cooling trend in SST near the coast during the upwelling period and a warming trend across the entire area during the non-upwelling period. The cooling SST weakens the easterly winds passing through the coastal areas, reducing upwelling intensity, as indicated by the weakening of Ekman transport. However, Ekman pumping, another proxy for upwelling, shows a strengthening trend. Our comparison along coastal areas suggests that the increase in Ekman pumping is more robust than the decrease in Ekman transport, leading to an overall intensification of upwelling. Additionally, we observed positive trends in IOD and ENSO during the upwelling period. These trends significantly enhance the upwelling process and are responsible for the observed cooling trend in SST. Thus, while wind-driven upwelling through Ekman transport and pumping plays a crucial role as a key process, its intensification is primarily driven by the trends in IOD and ENSO. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-64b5ab07235f45b5a5fab79bd4a2dfba |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 0853-7291 2406-7598 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Diponegoro University; Association of Indonesian Coastal Management Experts |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ilmu Kelautan |
| spelling | doaj-art-64b5ab07235f45b5a5fab79bd4a2dfba2025-08-20T03:15:02ZengDiponegoro University; Association of Indonesian Coastal Management ExpertsIlmu Kelautan0853-72912406-75982025-06-0130228930010.14710/ik.ijms.30.2.289-30026062The Role of Coastal Upwelling in Suppressing the Warming Trend of Sea Surface Temperature along the Southern Coast of JavaDaenk Himawa0https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8844-5195Anindya Wirasatriya1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1030-5126Kunarso Kunarso2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5274-9054Parichat Wetchayont3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3306-7554Department of Oceanography, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Diponegoro University, IndonesiaDepartment of Oceanography, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Diponegoro University, IndonesiaDepartment of Oceanography, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Diponegoro University, IndonesiaDisaster Management Program, Faculty of Science and Health Technology, Navamindradhiraj University, ThailandThis study examines the unclear role of wind-driven upwelling through Ekman transport and pumping, along with the combined effects of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) trends on the warming rate of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) along the southern coast of Java. Using data from 1940 to 2023, we investigated how IOD, ENSO, Ekman transport, and Ekman pumping influence SST trends. Our results reveal a cooling trend in SST near the coast during the upwelling period and a warming trend across the entire area during the non-upwelling period. The cooling SST weakens the easterly winds passing through the coastal areas, reducing upwelling intensity, as indicated by the weakening of Ekman transport. However, Ekman pumping, another proxy for upwelling, shows a strengthening trend. Our comparison along coastal areas suggests that the increase in Ekman pumping is more robust than the decrease in Ekman transport, leading to an overall intensification of upwelling. Additionally, we observed positive trends in IOD and ENSO during the upwelling period. These trends significantly enhance the upwelling process and are responsible for the observed cooling trend in SST. Thus, while wind-driven upwelling through Ekman transport and pumping plays a crucial role as a key process, its intensification is primarily driven by the trends in IOD and ENSO.https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/ijms/article/view/70639global warmingcoastal upwellingsstiodenso |
| spellingShingle | Daenk Himawa Anindya Wirasatriya Kunarso Kunarso Parichat Wetchayont The Role of Coastal Upwelling in Suppressing the Warming Trend of Sea Surface Temperature along the Southern Coast of Java Ilmu Kelautan global warming coastal upwelling sst iod enso |
| title | The Role of Coastal Upwelling in Suppressing the Warming Trend of Sea Surface Temperature along the Southern Coast of Java |
| title_full | The Role of Coastal Upwelling in Suppressing the Warming Trend of Sea Surface Temperature along the Southern Coast of Java |
| title_fullStr | The Role of Coastal Upwelling in Suppressing the Warming Trend of Sea Surface Temperature along the Southern Coast of Java |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Coastal Upwelling in Suppressing the Warming Trend of Sea Surface Temperature along the Southern Coast of Java |
| title_short | The Role of Coastal Upwelling in Suppressing the Warming Trend of Sea Surface Temperature along the Southern Coast of Java |
| title_sort | role of coastal upwelling in suppressing the warming trend of sea surface temperature along the southern coast of java |
| topic | global warming coastal upwelling sst iod enso |
| url | https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/ijms/article/view/70639 |
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