Minimal Arctic Sea Ice Loss in the Last 20 Years, Consistent With Internal Climate Variability

Abstract Over the past two decades, Arctic sea ice loss has slowed considerably, with no statistically significant decline in September sea ice area since 2005. This pause is robust across observational data sets, metrics, and seasons. Large‐ensemble CMIP5 and CMIP6 simulations reveal that such peri...

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Main Authors: M. R. England, L. M. Polvani, J. Screen, A. C. Chan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-08-01
Series:Geophysical Research Letters
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL116175
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author M. R. England
L. M. Polvani
J. Screen
A. C. Chan
author_facet M. R. England
L. M. Polvani
J. Screen
A. C. Chan
author_sort M. R. England
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Over the past two decades, Arctic sea ice loss has slowed considerably, with no statistically significant decline in September sea ice area since 2005. This pause is robust across observational data sets, metrics, and seasons. Large‐ensemble CMIP5 and CMIP6 simulations reveal that such periods with minimal sea ice decline under increasing greenhouse gas emissions are not unusual. Analysis of ensemble members that simulate analogs of the observed pause indicates that the current slowdown could plausibly persist another five to 10 years, although the chances of a faster‐than‐average decline are increased in the near‐future. The modeling evidence suggests that internal variability has substantially offset anthropogenically forced sea ice loss in recent decades. Overall, this observed pause in Arctic sea ice decline is consistent with simulated internal variability superimposed on the long‐term trend according to the bulk of the climate modeling evidence.
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publishDate 2025-08-01
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series Geophysical Research Letters
spelling doaj-art-64a5963fba874a0cb7b0e14217fa4e562025-08-20T04:02:27ZengWileyGeophysical Research Letters0094-82761944-80072025-08-015215n/an/a10.1029/2025GL116175Minimal Arctic Sea Ice Loss in the Last 20 Years, Consistent With Internal Climate VariabilityM. R. England0L. M. Polvani1J. Screen2A. C. Chan3Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Exeter Exeter UKLamont‐Doherty Earth Observatory Columbia University New York NY USADepartment of Mathematics and Statistics University of Exeter Exeter UKDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics University of Exeter Exeter UKAbstract Over the past two decades, Arctic sea ice loss has slowed considerably, with no statistically significant decline in September sea ice area since 2005. This pause is robust across observational data sets, metrics, and seasons. Large‐ensemble CMIP5 and CMIP6 simulations reveal that such periods with minimal sea ice decline under increasing greenhouse gas emissions are not unusual. Analysis of ensemble members that simulate analogs of the observed pause indicates that the current slowdown could plausibly persist another five to 10 years, although the chances of a faster‐than‐average decline are increased in the near‐future. The modeling evidence suggests that internal variability has substantially offset anthropogenically forced sea ice loss in recent decades. Overall, this observed pause in Arctic sea ice decline is consistent with simulated internal variability superimposed on the long‐term trend according to the bulk of the climate modeling evidence.https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL116175Arctic sea iceclimate modelssea ice lossinternal climate variabilitysea ice observations
spellingShingle M. R. England
L. M. Polvani
J. Screen
A. C. Chan
Minimal Arctic Sea Ice Loss in the Last 20 Years, Consistent With Internal Climate Variability
Geophysical Research Letters
Arctic sea ice
climate models
sea ice loss
internal climate variability
sea ice observations
title Minimal Arctic Sea Ice Loss in the Last 20 Years, Consistent With Internal Climate Variability
title_full Minimal Arctic Sea Ice Loss in the Last 20 Years, Consistent With Internal Climate Variability
title_fullStr Minimal Arctic Sea Ice Loss in the Last 20 Years, Consistent With Internal Climate Variability
title_full_unstemmed Minimal Arctic Sea Ice Loss in the Last 20 Years, Consistent With Internal Climate Variability
title_short Minimal Arctic Sea Ice Loss in the Last 20 Years, Consistent With Internal Climate Variability
title_sort minimal arctic sea ice loss in the last 20 years consistent with internal climate variability
topic Arctic sea ice
climate models
sea ice loss
internal climate variability
sea ice observations
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL116175
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AT lmpolvani minimalarcticseaicelossinthelast20yearsconsistentwithinternalclimatevariability
AT jscreen minimalarcticseaicelossinthelast20yearsconsistentwithinternalclimatevariability
AT acchan minimalarcticseaicelossinthelast20yearsconsistentwithinternalclimatevariability