Exploring the extraction, antioxidant activities and its stabilities of peanut skins crude proanthocyanidins extract
Abstract Peanut skin is a low-value by-product in the peanut oil and peanut product industry, with only a small amount utilized as animal feed while the majority discarded as waste. However, peanut skin contains high-value proanthocyanidins (PCs). Therefore, the objective of this paper is to optimiz...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10934-x |
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| author | Lina Yu Siyu Feng Yu Song Jie Bi Yuan Gao Luhui Wang Chen Jiang Mingqing Wang |
| author_facet | Lina Yu Siyu Feng Yu Song Jie Bi Yuan Gao Luhui Wang Chen Jiang Mingqing Wang |
| author_sort | Lina Yu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Peanut skin is a low-value by-product in the peanut oil and peanut product industry, with only a small amount utilized as animal feed while the majority discarded as waste. However, peanut skin contains high-value proanthocyanidins (PCs). Therefore, the objective of this paper is to optimize the extraction conditions for PCs, thereby increasing the added value of peanut skins. The results demonstrated that under the optimal conditions—liquid–solid ratio 1 (50:1 mL/g), temperature 1 (50 °C), ethanol concentration 2 (65%), and time 2 (16 min) — the yield of lyophilized crude PCs extract reached 129.14 ± 2.45 mg/g, with a PCs purity of 50.61 ± 2.27%. The crude PCs extract exhibits significant antioxidant activities. Under conditions including temperatures below 65 °C, pH values less than 7, and the presence of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, glucose, sucrose, ascorbic acid, sodium bisulfite, as well as microwave sterilization, boiling water sterilization, pasteurization, and UV sterilization, crude PCs extract demonstrates favorable antioxidant stability. The process optimization and antioxidant activity investigation of crude PCs extract provide novel insights for the comprehensive processing and utilization of peanut skins. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-64a17cbd2f394175bff3b23b8de9e4cc |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-64a17cbd2f394175bff3b23b8de9e4cc2025-08-20T03:46:08ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111910.1038/s41598-025-10934-xExploring the extraction, antioxidant activities and its stabilities of peanut skins crude proanthocyanidins extractLina Yu0Siyu Feng1Yu Song2Jie Bi3Yuan Gao4Luhui Wang5Chen Jiang6Mingqing Wang7Shandong Peanut Research InstituteCollege of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyShandong Peanut Research InstituteShandong Peanut Research InstituteShandong Peanut Research InstituteShandong Peanut Research InstituteShandong Peanut Research InstituteShandong Peanut Research InstituteAbstract Peanut skin is a low-value by-product in the peanut oil and peanut product industry, with only a small amount utilized as animal feed while the majority discarded as waste. However, peanut skin contains high-value proanthocyanidins (PCs). Therefore, the objective of this paper is to optimize the extraction conditions for PCs, thereby increasing the added value of peanut skins. The results demonstrated that under the optimal conditions—liquid–solid ratio 1 (50:1 mL/g), temperature 1 (50 °C), ethanol concentration 2 (65%), and time 2 (16 min) — the yield of lyophilized crude PCs extract reached 129.14 ± 2.45 mg/g, with a PCs purity of 50.61 ± 2.27%. The crude PCs extract exhibits significant antioxidant activities. Under conditions including temperatures below 65 °C, pH values less than 7, and the presence of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, glucose, sucrose, ascorbic acid, sodium bisulfite, as well as microwave sterilization, boiling water sterilization, pasteurization, and UV sterilization, crude PCs extract demonstrates favorable antioxidant stability. The process optimization and antioxidant activity investigation of crude PCs extract provide novel insights for the comprehensive processing and utilization of peanut skins.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10934-xPeanut skinsCrude proanthocyanidins extractPreparationAntioxidant activitiesStability |
| spellingShingle | Lina Yu Siyu Feng Yu Song Jie Bi Yuan Gao Luhui Wang Chen Jiang Mingqing Wang Exploring the extraction, antioxidant activities and its stabilities of peanut skins crude proanthocyanidins extract Scientific Reports Peanut skins Crude proanthocyanidins extract Preparation Antioxidant activities Stability |
| title | Exploring the extraction, antioxidant activities and its stabilities of peanut skins crude proanthocyanidins extract |
| title_full | Exploring the extraction, antioxidant activities and its stabilities of peanut skins crude proanthocyanidins extract |
| title_fullStr | Exploring the extraction, antioxidant activities and its stabilities of peanut skins crude proanthocyanidins extract |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring the extraction, antioxidant activities and its stabilities of peanut skins crude proanthocyanidins extract |
| title_short | Exploring the extraction, antioxidant activities and its stabilities of peanut skins crude proanthocyanidins extract |
| title_sort | exploring the extraction antioxidant activities and its stabilities of peanut skins crude proanthocyanidins extract |
| topic | Peanut skins Crude proanthocyanidins extract Preparation Antioxidant activities Stability |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10934-x |
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