Impella 5.5 as a bridge-to-surgery in acute ischemic mitral regurgitation post-percutaneous coronary intervention: a case report

Abstract Background Acute ischemic mitral regurgitation (AIMR) is a significant complication of acute coronary syndrome that leads to severe and immediate hemodynamic deterioration and cardiogenic shock. Intra-aortic balloon pumps (IABP) are commonly used to support patients with AIMR as a bridge to...

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Main Authors: Ioana Dumitru, Askin Uysal, Joel Shoemaker, Maria Sevillano, Leeandra Schnell, Samip Vasaiwala, Syed Osman Ali
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-11-01
Series:Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13019-024-03019-9
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author Ioana Dumitru
Askin Uysal
Joel Shoemaker
Maria Sevillano
Leeandra Schnell
Samip Vasaiwala
Syed Osman Ali
author_facet Ioana Dumitru
Askin Uysal
Joel Shoemaker
Maria Sevillano
Leeandra Schnell
Samip Vasaiwala
Syed Osman Ali
author_sort Ioana Dumitru
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Acute ischemic mitral regurgitation (AIMR) is a significant complication of acute coronary syndrome that leads to severe and immediate hemodynamic deterioration and cardiogenic shock. Intra-aortic balloon pumps (IABP) are commonly used to support patients with AIMR as a bridge to surgery, though they may be insufficient in some cases. Case Presentation A 74-year-old male presented with two days of indigestion and evident hypoxia, and an electrocardiogram revealed inferior and lateral ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Angiography demonstrated severe two-vessel coronary disease with a 100% thrombotic occlusion of the second obtuse marginal artery (OM2, culprit lesion) and an 80% stenosis of the proximal left anterior descending artery (LAD). Despite stenting of OM2, the patient remained hypoxic and hypotensive, necessitating escalated support via an IABP. A follow-up echocardiogram revealed severe mitral regurgitation presumed to be AIMR secondary to a ruptured posteromedial papillary muscle with a flail anterior leaflet (A2). Despite aggressive supportive measures with the IABP, the patient’s hemodynamics continued to show cardiogenic shock and clinical status did not improve. However, the patient was required to abstain from surgery for a P2Y12 inhibitor therapy wash out period. Consequently, the IABP was upgraded to Impella 5.5 as bridge-to-surgery support on day 1 post-admission. Subsequently, the patient’s hemodynamics improved, and he underwent a combined mitral valve replacement and coronary artery bypass grafting surgery on day 7 post-admission without incident. The Impella was successfully explanted on day 25 post-admission. Delay in explant was due to hypotension and respiratory status despite normalizing hemodynamics and echocardiogram revealing recovered left ventricular ejection fraction. The patient developed bacterial pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome and expired on day 27 post-admission. Conclusion Although IABP is standard for supporting AIMR patients as a bridge to surgery, it may not provide sufficient hemodynamic support. This case supports a growing body of evidence that alternative forms of hemodynamic support should be considered if the traditional therapeutic modalities for AIMR do not adequately support patients. Clinicians may consider upgrading IABP to Impella to provide increased hemodynamic support and maintain AIMR patient stability while awaiting cardiac surgery.
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spelling doaj-art-649638457f644089a1c2f39b7c9794ea2025-08-20T02:13:28ZengBMCJournal of Cardiothoracic Surgery1749-80902024-11-011911510.1186/s13019-024-03019-9Impella 5.5 as a bridge-to-surgery in acute ischemic mitral regurgitation post-percutaneous coronary intervention: a case reportIoana Dumitru0Askin Uysal1Joel Shoemaker2Maria Sevillano3Leeandra Schnell4Samip Vasaiwala5Syed Osman Ali6Division of Advanced Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant, University of South Florida, Tampa General HospitalDivision of Advanced Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant, University of South Florida, Tampa General HospitalDivision of Advanced Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant, University of South Florida, Tampa General HospitalDivision of Advanced Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant, University of South Florida, Tampa General HospitalDivision of Advanced Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant, University of South Florida, Tampa General HospitalDivision of Advanced Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant, University of South Florida, Tampa General HospitalDivision of Advanced Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant, University of South Florida, Tampa General HospitalAbstract Background Acute ischemic mitral regurgitation (AIMR) is a significant complication of acute coronary syndrome that leads to severe and immediate hemodynamic deterioration and cardiogenic shock. Intra-aortic balloon pumps (IABP) are commonly used to support patients with AIMR as a bridge to surgery, though they may be insufficient in some cases. Case Presentation A 74-year-old male presented with two days of indigestion and evident hypoxia, and an electrocardiogram revealed inferior and lateral ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Angiography demonstrated severe two-vessel coronary disease with a 100% thrombotic occlusion of the second obtuse marginal artery (OM2, culprit lesion) and an 80% stenosis of the proximal left anterior descending artery (LAD). Despite stenting of OM2, the patient remained hypoxic and hypotensive, necessitating escalated support via an IABP. A follow-up echocardiogram revealed severe mitral regurgitation presumed to be AIMR secondary to a ruptured posteromedial papillary muscle with a flail anterior leaflet (A2). Despite aggressive supportive measures with the IABP, the patient’s hemodynamics continued to show cardiogenic shock and clinical status did not improve. However, the patient was required to abstain from surgery for a P2Y12 inhibitor therapy wash out period. Consequently, the IABP was upgraded to Impella 5.5 as bridge-to-surgery support on day 1 post-admission. Subsequently, the patient’s hemodynamics improved, and he underwent a combined mitral valve replacement and coronary artery bypass grafting surgery on day 7 post-admission without incident. The Impella was successfully explanted on day 25 post-admission. Delay in explant was due to hypotension and respiratory status despite normalizing hemodynamics and echocardiogram revealing recovered left ventricular ejection fraction. The patient developed bacterial pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome and expired on day 27 post-admission. Conclusion Although IABP is standard for supporting AIMR patients as a bridge to surgery, it may not provide sufficient hemodynamic support. This case supports a growing body of evidence that alternative forms of hemodynamic support should be considered if the traditional therapeutic modalities for AIMR do not adequately support patients. Clinicians may consider upgrading IABP to Impella to provide increased hemodynamic support and maintain AIMR patient stability while awaiting cardiac surgery.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13019-024-03019-9Temporary mechanical circulatory supportImpellaCardiogenic shockMitral regurgitationAcute coronary syndrome
spellingShingle Ioana Dumitru
Askin Uysal
Joel Shoemaker
Maria Sevillano
Leeandra Schnell
Samip Vasaiwala
Syed Osman Ali
Impella 5.5 as a bridge-to-surgery in acute ischemic mitral regurgitation post-percutaneous coronary intervention: a case report
Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery
Temporary mechanical circulatory support
Impella
Cardiogenic shock
Mitral regurgitation
Acute coronary syndrome
title Impella 5.5 as a bridge-to-surgery in acute ischemic mitral regurgitation post-percutaneous coronary intervention: a case report
title_full Impella 5.5 as a bridge-to-surgery in acute ischemic mitral regurgitation post-percutaneous coronary intervention: a case report
title_fullStr Impella 5.5 as a bridge-to-surgery in acute ischemic mitral regurgitation post-percutaneous coronary intervention: a case report
title_full_unstemmed Impella 5.5 as a bridge-to-surgery in acute ischemic mitral regurgitation post-percutaneous coronary intervention: a case report
title_short Impella 5.5 as a bridge-to-surgery in acute ischemic mitral regurgitation post-percutaneous coronary intervention: a case report
title_sort impella 5 5 as a bridge to surgery in acute ischemic mitral regurgitation post percutaneous coronary intervention a case report
topic Temporary mechanical circulatory support
Impella
Cardiogenic shock
Mitral regurgitation
Acute coronary syndrome
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13019-024-03019-9
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