Hepatoblastoma: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Strategies
Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common malignant liver tumor in children under five years of age. Although globally rare, it accounts for a large proportion of liver cancer in children and has poor survival rates in high-risk and metastatic cases. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms, diag...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Current Oncology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1718-7729/32/3/149 |
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| author | Ling Fan Jintong Na Tieliu Shi Yuan Liao |
| author_facet | Ling Fan Jintong Na Tieliu Shi Yuan Liao |
| author_sort | Ling Fan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common malignant liver tumor in children under five years of age. Although globally rare, it accounts for a large proportion of liver cancer in children and has poor survival rates in high-risk and metastatic cases. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic strategies of HB. Mutations in the CTNNB1 gene and the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway are essential genetic factors. Furthermore, genetic syndromes like Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) and Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) considerably heighten the risk of associated conditions. Additionally, epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and the influence of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), are pivotal drivers of tumor development. Diagnostics include serum biomarkers, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and imaging techniques. Standard treatments are chemotherapy, surgical resection, and liver transplantation (LT). Emerging therapies like immunotherapy and targeted treatments offer hope against chemotherapy resistance. Future research will prioritize personalized medicine, novel biomarkers, and molecular-targeted therapies to improve survival outcomes. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6491ed4a383d47e7ad540601ba4d8aaf |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1198-0052 1718-7729 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Current Oncology |
| spelling | doaj-art-6491ed4a383d47e7ad540601ba4d8aaf2025-08-20T02:42:42ZengMDPI AGCurrent Oncology1198-00521718-77292025-03-0132314910.3390/curroncol32030149Hepatoblastoma: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic StrategiesLing Fan0Jintong Na1Tieliu Shi2Yuan Liao3State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, ChinaHepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common malignant liver tumor in children under five years of age. Although globally rare, it accounts for a large proportion of liver cancer in children and has poor survival rates in high-risk and metastatic cases. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic strategies of HB. Mutations in the CTNNB1 gene and the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway are essential genetic factors. Furthermore, genetic syndromes like Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) and Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) considerably heighten the risk of associated conditions. Additionally, epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and the influence of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), are pivotal drivers of tumor development. Diagnostics include serum biomarkers, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and imaging techniques. Standard treatments are chemotherapy, surgical resection, and liver transplantation (LT). Emerging therapies like immunotherapy and targeted treatments offer hope against chemotherapy resistance. Future research will prioritize personalized medicine, novel biomarkers, and molecular-targeted therapies to improve survival outcomes.https://www.mdpi.com/1718-7729/32/3/149hepatoblastomaWnt/β-catenin pathwaygeneticsepigeneticsimmunotherapytargeted therapy |
| spellingShingle | Ling Fan Jintong Na Tieliu Shi Yuan Liao Hepatoblastoma: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Strategies Current Oncology hepatoblastoma Wnt/β-catenin pathway genetics epigenetics immunotherapy targeted therapy |
| title | Hepatoblastoma: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Strategies |
| title_full | Hepatoblastoma: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Strategies |
| title_fullStr | Hepatoblastoma: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Strategies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hepatoblastoma: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Strategies |
| title_short | Hepatoblastoma: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Strategies |
| title_sort | hepatoblastoma from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic strategies |
| topic | hepatoblastoma Wnt/β-catenin pathway genetics epigenetics immunotherapy targeted therapy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1718-7729/32/3/149 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT lingfan hepatoblastomafrommolecularmechanismstotherapeuticstrategies AT jintongna hepatoblastomafrommolecularmechanismstotherapeuticstrategies AT tieliushi hepatoblastomafrommolecularmechanismstotherapeuticstrategies AT yuanliao hepatoblastomafrommolecularmechanismstotherapeuticstrategies |