Assessment of particulate matter concentrations and air quality index during road construction-related activities in Ghana

Abstract Road construction involves activities that emit pollutants, including particulate matter, which harms humans. This study determined and compared particulate matter (PM1.0, PM2.5 and PM10) levels and air quality index (AQI) at unpaved roads, asphalt overlay, chip-sealed and asphalt-producing...

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Main Authors: Isaac Kofi Yankson, Samuel Okyere, Fred Wireko-Manu, Emmanuel Dugan, Akua Fosua Ampomah, Emmanuel Acquah, Ebenezer Yeboah-Adjei, Paul Okyere, Akua Koaso Yalley, Daniel Asenso-Gyambibi, Peter Donkor, Charles Mock, Francis Kwaku Afukaar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2024-12-01
Series:Discover Environment
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s44274-024-00172-9
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author Isaac Kofi Yankson
Samuel Okyere
Fred Wireko-Manu
Emmanuel Dugan
Akua Fosua Ampomah
Emmanuel Acquah
Ebenezer Yeboah-Adjei
Paul Okyere
Akua Koaso Yalley
Daniel Asenso-Gyambibi
Peter Donkor
Charles Mock
Francis Kwaku Afukaar
author_facet Isaac Kofi Yankson
Samuel Okyere
Fred Wireko-Manu
Emmanuel Dugan
Akua Fosua Ampomah
Emmanuel Acquah
Ebenezer Yeboah-Adjei
Paul Okyere
Akua Koaso Yalley
Daniel Asenso-Gyambibi
Peter Donkor
Charles Mock
Francis Kwaku Afukaar
author_sort Isaac Kofi Yankson
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Road construction involves activities that emit pollutants, including particulate matter, which harms humans. This study determined and compared particulate matter (PM1.0, PM2.5 and PM10) levels and air quality index (AQI) at unpaved roads, asphalt overlay, chip-sealed and asphalt-producing sites in Ghana and the health risks posed by their exposure. It was conducted in the Ashanti and Ahafo Regions, Ghana and was cross-sectional using the low-cost sensor, PCE-RCM16. Data collection took place, January-May, 2020. The asphalt-producing, asphalt overlay, chip-sealed and unpaved road sites had mean PM10 concentrations of 12.7-fold, 7.4-fold, 6.1-fold and 2.6-fold respectively of the 2021 World Health Organisation (WHO) air quality guideline (AQG) daily limit, 45 μg m−3. The mean PM2.5 concentrations were 30.4-fold, 17.2-fold, 14.1-fold and 6.1-fold greater than the daily AQG limit, 15 μg m−3 respectively. The mean PM1.0 values were of grave concern. Using the AQI, the asphalt-producing and asphalt overlay sites were considered “hazardous”, chip-sealed site was “very unhealthy” and the unpaved sites were “unhealthy for sensitive groups”. Type of activity influenced pollution levels (p < 0.01). All the sites were polluted above the WHO limits. Authorities should ensure the wearing of personal protective equipment, strict adherence to the WHO AQG and apply appropriate sanctions to offending firms/workers.
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spelling doaj-art-648833b0faea4ad7a9dbf2bf94a8daf82025-08-20T02:20:48ZengSpringerDiscover Environment2731-94312024-12-012111010.1007/s44274-024-00172-9Assessment of particulate matter concentrations and air quality index during road construction-related activities in GhanaIsaac Kofi Yankson0Samuel Okyere1Fred Wireko-Manu2Emmanuel Dugan3Akua Fosua Ampomah4Emmanuel Acquah5Ebenezer Yeboah-Adjei6Paul Okyere7Akua Koaso Yalley8Daniel Asenso-Gyambibi9Peter Donkor10Charles Mock11Francis Kwaku Afukaar12Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Building and Road Research Institute (CSIR-BRRI)University of EducationCouncil for Scientific and Industrial Research-Building and Road Research Institute (CSIR-BRRI)Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Soil Research Institute (CSIR-SRI)Gold Fields Ghana LimitedFaculty of Renewable Natural Resources, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyCouncil for Scientific and Industrial Research-Building and Road Research Institute (CSIR-BRRI)School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of GhanaCouncil for Scientific and Industrial Research-Building and Road Research Institute (CSIR-BRRI)Department of Surgery, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital & School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyUniversity of WashingtonCouncil for Scientific and Industrial Research-Building and Road Research Institute (CSIR-BRRI)Abstract Road construction involves activities that emit pollutants, including particulate matter, which harms humans. This study determined and compared particulate matter (PM1.0, PM2.5 and PM10) levels and air quality index (AQI) at unpaved roads, asphalt overlay, chip-sealed and asphalt-producing sites in Ghana and the health risks posed by their exposure. It was conducted in the Ashanti and Ahafo Regions, Ghana and was cross-sectional using the low-cost sensor, PCE-RCM16. Data collection took place, January-May, 2020. The asphalt-producing, asphalt overlay, chip-sealed and unpaved road sites had mean PM10 concentrations of 12.7-fold, 7.4-fold, 6.1-fold and 2.6-fold respectively of the 2021 World Health Organisation (WHO) air quality guideline (AQG) daily limit, 45 μg m−3. The mean PM2.5 concentrations were 30.4-fold, 17.2-fold, 14.1-fold and 6.1-fold greater than the daily AQG limit, 15 μg m−3 respectively. The mean PM1.0 values were of grave concern. Using the AQI, the asphalt-producing and asphalt overlay sites were considered “hazardous”, chip-sealed site was “very unhealthy” and the unpaved sites were “unhealthy for sensitive groups”. Type of activity influenced pollution levels (p < 0.01). All the sites were polluted above the WHO limits. Authorities should ensure the wearing of personal protective equipment, strict adherence to the WHO AQG and apply appropriate sanctions to offending firms/workers.https://doi.org/10.1007/s44274-024-00172-9Particulate matter pollutionAir quality indexRoad constructionGhanaHuman health risks
spellingShingle Isaac Kofi Yankson
Samuel Okyere
Fred Wireko-Manu
Emmanuel Dugan
Akua Fosua Ampomah
Emmanuel Acquah
Ebenezer Yeboah-Adjei
Paul Okyere
Akua Koaso Yalley
Daniel Asenso-Gyambibi
Peter Donkor
Charles Mock
Francis Kwaku Afukaar
Assessment of particulate matter concentrations and air quality index during road construction-related activities in Ghana
Discover Environment
Particulate matter pollution
Air quality index
Road construction
Ghana
Human health risks
title Assessment of particulate matter concentrations and air quality index during road construction-related activities in Ghana
title_full Assessment of particulate matter concentrations and air quality index during road construction-related activities in Ghana
title_fullStr Assessment of particulate matter concentrations and air quality index during road construction-related activities in Ghana
title_full_unstemmed Assessment of particulate matter concentrations and air quality index during road construction-related activities in Ghana
title_short Assessment of particulate matter concentrations and air quality index during road construction-related activities in Ghana
title_sort assessment of particulate matter concentrations and air quality index during road construction related activities in ghana
topic Particulate matter pollution
Air quality index
Road construction
Ghana
Human health risks
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s44274-024-00172-9
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