Nanoceria Coated with Maltodextrin or Chitosan: Effects on Key Genes of Oxidative Metabolism, Proliferation, and Autophagy in Human Embryonic Lung Fibroblasts

Nanoceria is a multifaceted enzyme-like catalyst of ROS-mediated (reactive oxygen species) reactions, which results in its multiple biomedical applications. Biodegradable polysaccharide coatings improve biocompatibility, while the effects of these coatings on the ROS-related activity of nanoceria in...

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Main Authors: Elena V. Proskurnina, Madina M. Sozarukova, Elizaveta S. Ershova, Ekaterina A. Savinova, Larisa V. Kameneva, Natalia N. Veiko, Vladimir P. Saprykin, Khamzat K. Vyshegurov, Vladimir K. Ivanov, Svetlana V. Kostyuk
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Molecules
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/15/3078
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author Elena V. Proskurnina
Madina M. Sozarukova
Elizaveta S. Ershova
Ekaterina A. Savinova
Larisa V. Kameneva
Natalia N. Veiko
Vladimir P. Saprykin
Khamzat K. Vyshegurov
Vladimir K. Ivanov
Svetlana V. Kostyuk
author_facet Elena V. Proskurnina
Madina M. Sozarukova
Elizaveta S. Ershova
Ekaterina A. Savinova
Larisa V. Kameneva
Natalia N. Veiko
Vladimir P. Saprykin
Khamzat K. Vyshegurov
Vladimir K. Ivanov
Svetlana V. Kostyuk
author_sort Elena V. Proskurnina
collection DOAJ
description Nanoceria is a multifaceted enzyme-like catalyst of ROS-mediated (reactive oxygen species) reactions, which results in its multiple biomedical applications. Biodegradable polysaccharide coatings improve biocompatibility, while the effects of these coatings on the ROS-related activity of nanoceria in cells need thorough studies. Here, we used human embryonic lung fibroblasts to study the effects of maltodextrin and chitosan coatings on cellular oxidative metabolism of nanoceria by examining cell viability, mitochondrial potential, accumulation of nanoparticles in cells, intracellular ROS, expression of NOX4 (NADPH oxidase 4), NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2), NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells), and STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) proteins as well as the expression of biomarkers of DNA damage/repair, cell proliferation, and autophagy. Both types of polysaccharide-coated nanoceria were non-toxic up to millimolar concentrations. For maltodextrin-coated nano-CeO<sub>2</sub>, in contrast to bare nanoparticles, there was no oxidative DNA damage/repair with moderate activation of NOX4 expression. Like bare nanoceria, maltodextrin-coated nanoparticles demonstrate the proliferative impact and do not activate autophagy. However, maltodextrin-coated nanoparticles have an activating impact on mitochondrial potential and the NF-κB pathway. Chitosan-coated nanoceria causes short-term intracellular oxidative stress, activation of the expression of NOX4, STAT3, and NRF2, oxidative DNA damage, and double-strand breaks accompanied by activation of DNA repair systems. In contrast to maltodextrin-coated nanoparticles, chitosan-coated nanoceria inhibits the NF-κB pathway and activates autophagy. These findings would be useful in the development of advanced nanoceria-based pharmaceuticals and contribute to the understanding of the biochemical properties of nanoceria as a modulator of ROS-dependent signaling pathways.
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spelling doaj-art-648392b59295482ab048ec0cd7afeea12025-08-20T04:00:50ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-07-013015307810.3390/molecules30153078Nanoceria Coated with Maltodextrin or Chitosan: Effects on Key Genes of Oxidative Metabolism, Proliferation, and Autophagy in Human Embryonic Lung FibroblastsElena V. Proskurnina0Madina M. Sozarukova1Elizaveta S. Ershova2Ekaterina A. Savinova3Larisa V. Kameneva4Natalia N. Veiko5Vladimir P. Saprykin6Khamzat K. Vyshegurov7Vladimir K. Ivanov8Svetlana V. Kostyuk9Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, RussiaKurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, RussiaState Scientific Center of the Russian Federation “Russian Scientific Center of Surgery Named After Academician B.V. Petrovsky”, Institute of Longevity with a Clinic of Rehabilitation and Preventive Medicine, Moscow 119435, RussiaDepartment of Biology and General Genetics, Institute of Medicine, Patrice Lumumba Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow 117198, RussiaResearch Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow 115522, RussiaState Scientific Center of the Russian Federation “Russian Scientific Center of Surgery Named After Academician B.V. Petrovsky”, Institute of Longevity with a Clinic of Rehabilitation and Preventive Medicine, Moscow 119435, RussiaFaculty of Biotechnology and Fisheries, K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management, Moscow 109004, RussiaDepartment of Faculty Therapy of the Medical Institute, Ingush State University, Magas 386001, RussiaKurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, RussiaKurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, RussiaNanoceria is a multifaceted enzyme-like catalyst of ROS-mediated (reactive oxygen species) reactions, which results in its multiple biomedical applications. Biodegradable polysaccharide coatings improve biocompatibility, while the effects of these coatings on the ROS-related activity of nanoceria in cells need thorough studies. Here, we used human embryonic lung fibroblasts to study the effects of maltodextrin and chitosan coatings on cellular oxidative metabolism of nanoceria by examining cell viability, mitochondrial potential, accumulation of nanoparticles in cells, intracellular ROS, expression of NOX4 (NADPH oxidase 4), NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2), NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells), and STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) proteins as well as the expression of biomarkers of DNA damage/repair, cell proliferation, and autophagy. Both types of polysaccharide-coated nanoceria were non-toxic up to millimolar concentrations. For maltodextrin-coated nano-CeO<sub>2</sub>, in contrast to bare nanoparticles, there was no oxidative DNA damage/repair with moderate activation of NOX4 expression. Like bare nanoceria, maltodextrin-coated nanoparticles demonstrate the proliferative impact and do not activate autophagy. However, maltodextrin-coated nanoparticles have an activating impact on mitochondrial potential and the NF-κB pathway. Chitosan-coated nanoceria causes short-term intracellular oxidative stress, activation of the expression of NOX4, STAT3, and NRF2, oxidative DNA damage, and double-strand breaks accompanied by activation of DNA repair systems. In contrast to maltodextrin-coated nanoparticles, chitosan-coated nanoceria inhibits the NF-κB pathway and activates autophagy. These findings would be useful in the development of advanced nanoceria-based pharmaceuticals and contribute to the understanding of the biochemical properties of nanoceria as a modulator of ROS-dependent signaling pathways.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/15/3078nanoceriamaltodextrinchitosancytotoxicitygenotoxicityoxidative metabolism
spellingShingle Elena V. Proskurnina
Madina M. Sozarukova
Elizaveta S. Ershova
Ekaterina A. Savinova
Larisa V. Kameneva
Natalia N. Veiko
Vladimir P. Saprykin
Khamzat K. Vyshegurov
Vladimir K. Ivanov
Svetlana V. Kostyuk
Nanoceria Coated with Maltodextrin or Chitosan: Effects on Key Genes of Oxidative Metabolism, Proliferation, and Autophagy in Human Embryonic Lung Fibroblasts
Molecules
nanoceria
maltodextrin
chitosan
cytotoxicity
genotoxicity
oxidative metabolism
title Nanoceria Coated with Maltodextrin or Chitosan: Effects on Key Genes of Oxidative Metabolism, Proliferation, and Autophagy in Human Embryonic Lung Fibroblasts
title_full Nanoceria Coated with Maltodextrin or Chitosan: Effects on Key Genes of Oxidative Metabolism, Proliferation, and Autophagy in Human Embryonic Lung Fibroblasts
title_fullStr Nanoceria Coated with Maltodextrin or Chitosan: Effects on Key Genes of Oxidative Metabolism, Proliferation, and Autophagy in Human Embryonic Lung Fibroblasts
title_full_unstemmed Nanoceria Coated with Maltodextrin or Chitosan: Effects on Key Genes of Oxidative Metabolism, Proliferation, and Autophagy in Human Embryonic Lung Fibroblasts
title_short Nanoceria Coated with Maltodextrin or Chitosan: Effects on Key Genes of Oxidative Metabolism, Proliferation, and Autophagy in Human Embryonic Lung Fibroblasts
title_sort nanoceria coated with maltodextrin or chitosan effects on key genes of oxidative metabolism proliferation and autophagy in human embryonic lung fibroblasts
topic nanoceria
maltodextrin
chitosan
cytotoxicity
genotoxicity
oxidative metabolism
url https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/15/3078
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