Review of Lyme Borreliosis in Africa—An Emerging Threat in Africa
Lyme borreliosis (LB) is more common in the Northern Hemisphere. It is endemic mainly in North America, where the vectors are <i>Ixodes scapularis</i> and <i>Ixodes pacificus</i>, and in Eurasia, where the vectors are <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> and <i>Ixodes pers...
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2024-11-01
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| author | Nejib Doss Aldo Morrone Patrizia Forgione Giusto Trevisan Serena Bonin |
| author_facet | Nejib Doss Aldo Morrone Patrizia Forgione Giusto Trevisan Serena Bonin |
| author_sort | Nejib Doss |
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| description | Lyme borreliosis (LB) is more common in the Northern Hemisphere. It is endemic mainly in North America, where the vectors are <i>Ixodes scapularis</i> and <i>Ixodes pacificus</i>, and in Eurasia, where the vectors are <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> and <i>Ixodes persulcatus</i>. Both tick-borne diseases and LB are influenced by climate change. Africa and South America are crossed by the equator and are situated in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. In Africa, the LB is present on the Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean coasts. <i>Borrelia lusitaniae</i> is prevalent in countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea, such as Tunisia, Morocco, Algeria, and Egypt. Ticks were detected in the <i>Ixodes Ricinus</i>, which are carried by migratory birds and the <i>Ixodes inopinatus</i> and captured by the <i>Psammodromus algirus</i> lizards. The <i>Borreliae</i> Lyme Group (LG) and, in particular, <i>Borrelia garinii</i>, have been reported in countries bordering the Indian Ocean, such as Kenya, Tanzania, and Mozambique, transported by migratory birds from North African countries, where the vector was identified as <i>Hyalomma rufipes</i> ticks. This review aims to document the presence of <i>Borreliae</i> LG and LB in Africa. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-647e1c103ab1473cb7af19fa29461b2d |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-647e1c103ab1473cb7af19fa29461b2d2025-08-20T02:28:11ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372024-11-01131189710.3390/biology13110897Review of Lyme Borreliosis in Africa—An Emerging Threat in AfricaNejib Doss0Aldo Morrone1Patrizia Forgione2Giusto Trevisan3Serena Bonin4Department of Dermatology, Military Hospital of Tunis, Tunis 1008, TunisiaIRCCS Dermatologic Institute San Gallicano, 00144 Rome, ItalyDermatology Unit, Lyme Disease Regional Center, 80134 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, ItalyDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, ItalyLyme borreliosis (LB) is more common in the Northern Hemisphere. It is endemic mainly in North America, where the vectors are <i>Ixodes scapularis</i> and <i>Ixodes pacificus</i>, and in Eurasia, where the vectors are <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> and <i>Ixodes persulcatus</i>. Both tick-borne diseases and LB are influenced by climate change. Africa and South America are crossed by the equator and are situated in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. In Africa, the LB is present on the Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean coasts. <i>Borrelia lusitaniae</i> is prevalent in countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea, such as Tunisia, Morocco, Algeria, and Egypt. Ticks were detected in the <i>Ixodes Ricinus</i>, which are carried by migratory birds and the <i>Ixodes inopinatus</i> and captured by the <i>Psammodromus algirus</i> lizards. The <i>Borreliae</i> Lyme Group (LG) and, in particular, <i>Borrelia garinii</i>, have been reported in countries bordering the Indian Ocean, such as Kenya, Tanzania, and Mozambique, transported by migratory birds from North African countries, where the vector was identified as <i>Hyalomma rufipes</i> ticks. This review aims to document the presence of <i>Borreliae</i> LG and LB in Africa.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/13/11/897<i>Borreliae</i> Lyme Groupmigratory birdstickserythema migransneuroborreliosisreservoirs |
| spellingShingle | Nejib Doss Aldo Morrone Patrizia Forgione Giusto Trevisan Serena Bonin Review of Lyme Borreliosis in Africa—An Emerging Threat in Africa Biology <i>Borreliae</i> Lyme Group migratory birds ticks erythema migrans neuroborreliosis reservoirs |
| title | Review of Lyme Borreliosis in Africa—An Emerging Threat in Africa |
| title_full | Review of Lyme Borreliosis in Africa—An Emerging Threat in Africa |
| title_fullStr | Review of Lyme Borreliosis in Africa—An Emerging Threat in Africa |
| title_full_unstemmed | Review of Lyme Borreliosis in Africa—An Emerging Threat in Africa |
| title_short | Review of Lyme Borreliosis in Africa—An Emerging Threat in Africa |
| title_sort | review of lyme borreliosis in africa an emerging threat in africa |
| topic | <i>Borreliae</i> Lyme Group migratory birds ticks erythema migrans neuroborreliosis reservoirs |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/13/11/897 |
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