Thermal error modeling of slant bed CNC lathe spindle based on BiLSTM with data augmentation and grey wolf optimizer algorithm

The BL20 slant bed CNC lathe is widely recognized for its compact design and precision; however, it suffers from significant thermal errors due to heat generated during operation. This study analyzes and models the thermal errors of the BL20 lathe, identifying the heat produced by the main spindle a...

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Main Authors: Musab Alataiqeh, Hu Shi, Qiangqiang Qu, Xuesong Mei, Haitao Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Case Studies in Thermal Engineering
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X25003508
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author Musab Alataiqeh
Hu Shi
Qiangqiang Qu
Xuesong Mei
Haitao Wang
author_facet Musab Alataiqeh
Hu Shi
Qiangqiang Qu
Xuesong Mei
Haitao Wang
author_sort Musab Alataiqeh
collection DOAJ
description The BL20 slant bed CNC lathe is widely recognized for its compact design and precision; however, it suffers from significant thermal errors due to heat generated during operation. This study analyzes and models the thermal errors of the BL20 lathe, identifying the heat produced by the main spindle as the primary source. Utilizing finite element simulation in ANSYS, the thermal characteristics of the lathe are examined, yielding insights into the dynamics of heat transfer. Experimental data are processed using fuzzy c-means clustering and grey relational analysis, which leads to the identification of four critical temperature-sensitive points. To mitigate the challenges associated with small datasets, the Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling Technique (SMOTE) is employed for data augmentation. Furthermore, a predictive model that integrates Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) with hyperparameter optimization via the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) is developed. In comparison to traditional methods, including Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and standalone BiLSTM, the GWO-BiLSTM-SMOTE model demonstrates predictive accuracy, achieving R2 of 0.95384 and 0.95004 at various rotation speeds. The proposed approach showcases enhanced robustness and generalization. This study establishes a comprehensive framework for predicting thermal errors in CNC machine tools, offering valuable insights for precision machining.
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issn 2214-157X
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publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher Elsevier
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series Case Studies in Thermal Engineering
spelling doaj-art-6469056c27b24bca9bf26f08e1e185eb2025-08-20T02:13:40ZengElsevierCase Studies in Thermal Engineering2214-157X2025-06-017010609010.1016/j.csite.2025.106090Thermal error modeling of slant bed CNC lathe spindle based on BiLSTM with data augmentation and grey wolf optimizer algorithmMusab Alataiqeh0Hu Shi1Qiangqiang Qu2Xuesong Mei3Haitao Wang4Corresponding author.; School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, ChinaCorresponding author.; School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, ChinaThe BL20 slant bed CNC lathe is widely recognized for its compact design and precision; however, it suffers from significant thermal errors due to heat generated during operation. This study analyzes and models the thermal errors of the BL20 lathe, identifying the heat produced by the main spindle as the primary source. Utilizing finite element simulation in ANSYS, the thermal characteristics of the lathe are examined, yielding insights into the dynamics of heat transfer. Experimental data are processed using fuzzy c-means clustering and grey relational analysis, which leads to the identification of four critical temperature-sensitive points. To mitigate the challenges associated with small datasets, the Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling Technique (SMOTE) is employed for data augmentation. Furthermore, a predictive model that integrates Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) with hyperparameter optimization via the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) is developed. In comparison to traditional methods, including Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and standalone BiLSTM, the GWO-BiLSTM-SMOTE model demonstrates predictive accuracy, achieving R2 of 0.95384 and 0.95004 at various rotation speeds. The proposed approach showcases enhanced robustness and generalization. This study establishes a comprehensive framework for predicting thermal errors in CNC machine tools, offering valuable insights for precision machining.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X25003508Thermal errorSlant bed CNC latheSpindleData augmentationBiLSTMGrey wolf optimizer
spellingShingle Musab Alataiqeh
Hu Shi
Qiangqiang Qu
Xuesong Mei
Haitao Wang
Thermal error modeling of slant bed CNC lathe spindle based on BiLSTM with data augmentation and grey wolf optimizer algorithm
Case Studies in Thermal Engineering
Thermal error
Slant bed CNC lathe
Spindle
Data augmentation
BiLSTM
Grey wolf optimizer
title Thermal error modeling of slant bed CNC lathe spindle based on BiLSTM with data augmentation and grey wolf optimizer algorithm
title_full Thermal error modeling of slant bed CNC lathe spindle based on BiLSTM with data augmentation and grey wolf optimizer algorithm
title_fullStr Thermal error modeling of slant bed CNC lathe spindle based on BiLSTM with data augmentation and grey wolf optimizer algorithm
title_full_unstemmed Thermal error modeling of slant bed CNC lathe spindle based on BiLSTM with data augmentation and grey wolf optimizer algorithm
title_short Thermal error modeling of slant bed CNC lathe spindle based on BiLSTM with data augmentation and grey wolf optimizer algorithm
title_sort thermal error modeling of slant bed cnc lathe spindle based on bilstm with data augmentation and grey wolf optimizer algorithm
topic Thermal error
Slant bed CNC lathe
Spindle
Data augmentation
BiLSTM
Grey wolf optimizer
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X25003508
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AT qiangqiangqu thermalerrormodelingofslantbedcnclathespindlebasedonbilstmwithdataaugmentationandgreywolfoptimizeralgorithm
AT xuesongmei thermalerrormodelingofslantbedcnclathespindlebasedonbilstmwithdataaugmentationandgreywolfoptimizeralgorithm
AT haitaowang thermalerrormodelingofslantbedcnclathespindlebasedonbilstmwithdataaugmentationandgreywolfoptimizeralgorithm