Chiral Separation and Determination of Enantiomer Elution Order of Novel Ketamine Derivatives Using CE-UV and HPLC-UV-ORD
Besides the well-known hallucinogenic ketamine, various novel ketamine derivatives are available on the illicit drug market, sold as designer drugs. Minor chemical changes to the parent compound aim to circumvent existing narcotic drug laws while mimicking the effects of the original substance. Keta...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-02-01
|
| Series: | Separations |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/12/2/44 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850231427299278848 |
|---|---|
| author | Elisabeth Seibert Eva-Maria Hubner Martin G. Schmid |
| author_facet | Elisabeth Seibert Eva-Maria Hubner Martin G. Schmid |
| author_sort | Elisabeth Seibert |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Besides the well-known hallucinogenic ketamine, various novel ketamine derivatives are available on the illicit drug market, sold as designer drugs. Minor chemical changes to the parent compound aim to circumvent existing narcotic drug laws while mimicking the effects of the original substance. Ketamine and some of its derivatives possess a chiral centre and therefore exist as two enantiomers. While differences in the effects of S- and R-ketamine are well studied, this is not the case for ketamine derivatives. Therefore, the development and adaptation of suitable enantioseparation methods for those compounds is important to face the problems of the constantly changing drug market. In this study, different chiral separation methods for capillary electrophoresis (CE) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were tested on 11 ketamine derivatives. Some of them were enantioseparated for the first time due to their novelty. All compounds were at least partially separated on both instruments. HPLC separations were conducted using four different polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases. Furthermore, an optical rotation detector coupled to the HPLC enabled the determination of the enantiomer elution order. In CE analysis, enantioseparation was achieved using 2% (<i>w</i>/<i>v</i>) acetyl-β-cyclodextrin or carboxymethyl- β-cyclodextrin in 10 mM di-sodium hydrogen phosphate as the background electrolyte in capillary electrophoresis. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6468d7c6c54a4dca8a69c7ce22ed1f51 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2297-8739 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Separations |
| spelling | doaj-art-6468d7c6c54a4dca8a69c7ce22ed1f512025-08-20T02:03:32ZengMDPI AGSeparations2297-87392025-02-011224410.3390/separations12020044Chiral Separation and Determination of Enantiomer Elution Order of Novel Ketamine Derivatives Using CE-UV and HPLC-UV-ORDElisabeth Seibert0Eva-Maria Hubner1Martin G. Schmid2Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Graz, Schubertstraße 1, 8010 Graz, AustriaInstitute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Graz, Schubertstraße 1, 8010 Graz, AustriaInstitute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Graz, Schubertstraße 1, 8010 Graz, AustriaBesides the well-known hallucinogenic ketamine, various novel ketamine derivatives are available on the illicit drug market, sold as designer drugs. Minor chemical changes to the parent compound aim to circumvent existing narcotic drug laws while mimicking the effects of the original substance. Ketamine and some of its derivatives possess a chiral centre and therefore exist as two enantiomers. While differences in the effects of S- and R-ketamine are well studied, this is not the case for ketamine derivatives. Therefore, the development and adaptation of suitable enantioseparation methods for those compounds is important to face the problems of the constantly changing drug market. In this study, different chiral separation methods for capillary electrophoresis (CE) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were tested on 11 ketamine derivatives. Some of them were enantioseparated for the first time due to their novelty. All compounds were at least partially separated on both instruments. HPLC separations were conducted using four different polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases. Furthermore, an optical rotation detector coupled to the HPLC enabled the determination of the enantiomer elution order. In CE analysis, enantioseparation was achieved using 2% (<i>w</i>/<i>v</i>) acetyl-β-cyclodextrin or carboxymethyl- β-cyclodextrin in 10 mM di-sodium hydrogen phosphate as the background electrolyte in capillary electrophoresis.https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/12/2/44ketamine derivativesnew psychoactive substancesoptical rotation detectioncyclodextrincapillary electrophoresispolysaccharide-based CSPs |
| spellingShingle | Elisabeth Seibert Eva-Maria Hubner Martin G. Schmid Chiral Separation and Determination of Enantiomer Elution Order of Novel Ketamine Derivatives Using CE-UV and HPLC-UV-ORD Separations ketamine derivatives new psychoactive substances optical rotation detection cyclodextrin capillary electrophoresis polysaccharide-based CSPs |
| title | Chiral Separation and Determination of Enantiomer Elution Order of Novel Ketamine Derivatives Using CE-UV and HPLC-UV-ORD |
| title_full | Chiral Separation and Determination of Enantiomer Elution Order of Novel Ketamine Derivatives Using CE-UV and HPLC-UV-ORD |
| title_fullStr | Chiral Separation and Determination of Enantiomer Elution Order of Novel Ketamine Derivatives Using CE-UV and HPLC-UV-ORD |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chiral Separation and Determination of Enantiomer Elution Order of Novel Ketamine Derivatives Using CE-UV and HPLC-UV-ORD |
| title_short | Chiral Separation and Determination of Enantiomer Elution Order of Novel Ketamine Derivatives Using CE-UV and HPLC-UV-ORD |
| title_sort | chiral separation and determination of enantiomer elution order of novel ketamine derivatives using ce uv and hplc uv ord |
| topic | ketamine derivatives new psychoactive substances optical rotation detection cyclodextrin capillary electrophoresis polysaccharide-based CSPs |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/12/2/44 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT elisabethseibert chiralseparationanddeterminationofenantiomerelutionorderofnovelketaminederivativesusingceuvandhplcuvord AT evamariahubner chiralseparationanddeterminationofenantiomerelutionorderofnovelketaminederivativesusingceuvandhplcuvord AT martingschmid chiralseparationanddeterminationofenantiomerelutionorderofnovelketaminederivativesusingceuvandhplcuvord |