Chromium and Cadmium Assessment in Selected Rice Varieties Under Various Irrigation Sources
Background: Toxic metal accumulation in food crops poses significant public health risks. In particular, chromium (Cr) and cadmium (Cd) contamination in rice crops can lead to human exposure through dietary intake, emphasizing the need for ongoing monitoring and assessment. Objective: This study...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Jinnah University for Women
2025-08-01
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| Series: | RADS Journal of Biological Research & Applied Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.jbas.juw.edu.pk/index.php/JBAS/article/view/705 |
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| Summary: | Background: Toxic metal accumulation in food crops poses significant public health risks. In particular, chromium (Cr) and cadmium (Cd) contamination in rice crops can lead to human exposure through dietary intake, emphasizing the need for ongoing monitoring and assessment.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the levels of chromium and cadmium in four rice varieties-Super Kernel, Kainat, Basmati, and Irri 6-cultivated in Sargodha, Pakistan, and to assess potential health risks among different age groups in the local population.
Main Outcome: The main outcome of the study measures the Cr and Cd concentrations in soil, rice, and serum samples were measured, revealing a predominance of Cd contamination relative to Cr. Super Kernel and Kainat rice varieties exhibited the highest uptake of Cd and Cr, respectively. Contamination factors indicated moderate enrichment of Cd in the study area, with higher Cd contamination compared to Cr.
Result: There were five distinct age groups among the humans that lived there. Group I: ages 5 to 15; Group II: ages 16 to 25; Group III: ages 26 to 35; Group IV: ages 36 to 45; and Group V: ages 46 to 55. Chromium concentration was observed as 9.07±0.002 mg/kg in soil samples, 3.89±0.001 mg/kg in rice samples and 0.03± 0.001mg/L in serum samples. Cadmium concentration was observed as 1.02±0.00 mg/kg in soil samples, 0.4±0.00 mg/kg in rice samples and 0.0028±0.00 mg/l in serum samples. Super kernel and Kainat rice showed the highest Cd and Cr uptake in their tissues respectively.
Conclusion: Contamination factor results (CF>1) showed higher Cd contamination in the study area as compared to Cr metal. Cd metal also showed moderate level of enrichment in study area. As all THQ values were less than 1 in every age group, so there was no expected carcinogenic hazard to local consumers. Although current risk assessments suggest minimal carcinogenic hazard, elevated Cd levels warrant government intervention to implement strategies aimed at reducing cadmium contamination in rice grains, thereby safeguarding future public health.
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| ISSN: | 2305-8722 2521-8573 |