Comparison of ADOS‐2 scores in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder

Abstract Aim Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms persist significantly into adulthood; however, only a few studies have examined the overlap between ADHD and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms in adults. This study compared ASD symptoms in adults with ASD, ADHD, and neuroty...

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Main Authors: Yoichi Hanawa, Wakaho Hayashi, Dan Nakamura, Hirohisa Suzuki, Keisuke Aoyagi, Yuriko Iwami, Misato Yamauchi, Shizuka Seki, Akira Iwanami
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-06-01
Series:PCN Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/pcn5.70118
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author Yoichi Hanawa
Wakaho Hayashi
Dan Nakamura
Hirohisa Suzuki
Keisuke Aoyagi
Yuriko Iwami
Misato Yamauchi
Shizuka Seki
Akira Iwanami
author_facet Yoichi Hanawa
Wakaho Hayashi
Dan Nakamura
Hirohisa Suzuki
Keisuke Aoyagi
Yuriko Iwami
Misato Yamauchi
Shizuka Seki
Akira Iwanami
author_sort Yoichi Hanawa
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Aim Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms persist significantly into adulthood; however, only a few studies have examined the overlap between ADHD and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms in adults. This study compared ASD symptoms in adults with ASD, ADHD, and neurotypical controls using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition (ADOS‐2). Methods In total, 150 adults (69 with ADHD [mean age, 34.5 years; 43 men], 50 with ASD [mean age, 33.8 years; 35 men], and 31 controls [mean age, 38.7 years; 17 men]) completed Module 4 of the ADOS‐2, the Autism Spectrum Quotient, Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scale, and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. Results Consistent with juvenile studies, adults with ADHD exhibited significant ASD symptoms, which were between those with ASD and neurotypical individuals. Item‐level analysis suggested more similarities than differences between the two disorders; the differences may be of degree rather than quality. Conclusion This study shows the importance of assessing full ASD symptoms in adults with ADHD.
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spelling doaj-art-64523212182a4ee89ac8bc5ec4a5576e2025-08-20T03:30:08ZengWileyPCN Reports2769-25582025-06-0142n/an/a10.1002/pcn5.70118Comparison of ADOS‐2 scores in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorderYoichi Hanawa0Wakaho Hayashi1Dan Nakamura2Hirohisa Suzuki3Keisuke Aoyagi4Yuriko Iwami5Misato Yamauchi6Shizuka Seki7Akira Iwanami8Department of Psychiatry Showa University School of Medicine Setagaya‐ku Tokyo JapanDepartment of Psychiatry Showa University School of Medicine Setagaya‐ku Tokyo JapanDepartment of Psychiatry Showa University School of Medicine Setagaya‐ku Tokyo JapanDepartment of Psychiatry Showa University School of Medicine Setagaya‐ku Tokyo JapanDepartment of Psychiatry Showa University School of Medicine Setagaya‐ku Tokyo JapanDepartment of Psychiatry Showa University School of Medicine Setagaya‐ku Tokyo JapanDepartment of Psychiatry Showa University School of Medicine Setagaya‐ku Tokyo JapanDepartment of Psychiatry Showa University School of Medicine Setagaya‐ku Tokyo JapanDepartment of Psychiatry Showa University School of Medicine Setagaya‐ku Tokyo JapanAbstract Aim Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms persist significantly into adulthood; however, only a few studies have examined the overlap between ADHD and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms in adults. This study compared ASD symptoms in adults with ASD, ADHD, and neurotypical controls using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition (ADOS‐2). Methods In total, 150 adults (69 with ADHD [mean age, 34.5 years; 43 men], 50 with ASD [mean age, 33.8 years; 35 men], and 31 controls [mean age, 38.7 years; 17 men]) completed Module 4 of the ADOS‐2, the Autism Spectrum Quotient, Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scale, and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. Results Consistent with juvenile studies, adults with ADHD exhibited significant ASD symptoms, which were between those with ASD and neurotypical individuals. Item‐level analysis suggested more similarities than differences between the two disorders; the differences may be of degree rather than quality. Conclusion This study shows the importance of assessing full ASD symptoms in adults with ADHD.https://doi.org/10.1002/pcn5.70118Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Editionattention deficit hyperactivity disorderautism spectrum disorderpsychological disorders
spellingShingle Yoichi Hanawa
Wakaho Hayashi
Dan Nakamura
Hirohisa Suzuki
Keisuke Aoyagi
Yuriko Iwami
Misato Yamauchi
Shizuka Seki
Akira Iwanami
Comparison of ADOS‐2 scores in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder
PCN Reports
Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
autism spectrum disorder
psychological disorders
title Comparison of ADOS‐2 scores in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder
title_full Comparison of ADOS‐2 scores in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder
title_fullStr Comparison of ADOS‐2 scores in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder
title_full_unstemmed Comparison of ADOS‐2 scores in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder
title_short Comparison of ADOS‐2 scores in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder
title_sort comparison of ados 2 scores in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder
topic Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
autism spectrum disorder
psychological disorders
url https://doi.org/10.1002/pcn5.70118
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