Deep plug-and-play denoising prior with total variation regularization for low-dose CT

X-ray computed tomography (CT) is widely used in clinical practice for screening and diagnosing patients, as it enables the acquisition of high-resolution images of internal tissues and organs in a non-invasive manner. However, this has led to growing concerns about the cumulative radiation risks as...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Yinjin Ma, Yajuan Zhang, Lin Chen, Qiang Jiang, Fengjuan Shi, Biao Wei
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Physics
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1563756/full
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Summary:X-ray computed tomography (CT) is widely used in clinical practice for screening and diagnosing patients, as it enables the acquisition of high-resolution images of internal tissues and organs in a non-invasive manner. However, this has led to growing concerns about the cumulative radiation risks associated with X-ray exposure. Low-dose CT (LDCT) reduces radiation doses but results in increased noise and artifacts, significantly affecting diagnostic accuracy. LDCT image denoising remains a challenging task in medical image processing. To enhance LDCT image quality and leverage the flexibility and effectiveness of plug-and-play denoising methods, this paper proposes a novel deep plug-and-play denoising method. Specifically, we first introduce a deep residual block convolutional neural network (DRBNet) with residual noise learning. We then train the DRBNet using a hybrid loss function combining L1 and multi-scale structural similarity (M-SSIM) losses, while regularizing the training with total variation (TV). After training, the DRBNet is integrated as a deep denoiser prior into a half-quadratic splitting-based method to solve the LDCT image denoising problem. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed plug-and-play method, using the DRBNet prior, outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of noise reduction, artifact suppression, and preservation of textural and edge information when compared to standard normal-dose CT (NDCT) scans. A blind reader study with two experienced radiologists further confirms that our method surpasses other denoising approaches in terms of clinical image quality.
ISSN:2296-424X