Fast Spot Locating for Low-Density DNA Microarray

Low-density DNA microarrays are crucial in molecular diagnostics due to their cost-effectiveness and high sensitivity. However, reliable spot localization remains challenging due to positional variations and image artifacts. Traditional intensity-based methods often struggle with weak fluorescence s...

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Main Authors: MinGin Kim, Jongwon Kim, Sun-Hee Kim, Jong-Dae Kim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Sensors
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/7/2135
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author MinGin Kim
Jongwon Kim
Sun-Hee Kim
Jong-Dae Kim
author_facet MinGin Kim
Jongwon Kim
Sun-Hee Kim
Jong-Dae Kim
author_sort MinGin Kim
collection DOAJ
description Low-density DNA microarrays are crucial in molecular diagnostics due to their cost-effectiveness and high sensitivity. However, reliable spot localization remains challenging due to positional variations and image artifacts. Traditional intensity-based methods often struggle with weak fluorescence signals. To address this, we propose a rapid spot localization method that combines template matching with point pattern matching, enhanced through vectorized programming and square (box) templates. Vectorized programming accelerated the most time-consuming calculation by 82 times on a PC and was 6000 times faster on a Raspberry Pi compared to a for-loop implementation. While this improvement applies to the vectorized square calculation alone, substantial performance gains were still achieved in the overall process. Additionally, replacing circular templates with square templates resulted in a fourfold reduction in processing time without compromising detection performance. The proposed method effectively reduces computational overhead, making it suitable for high-throughput and resource-constrained applications. The method was validated using HPV genotyping images from commercial DNA microarrays, demonstrating its practical applicability and robust performance in clinical settings.
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spelling doaj-art-644c14ea07a64ad09b93802a6eb01e7f2025-08-20T02:15:54ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-03-01257213510.3390/s25072135Fast Spot Locating for Low-Density DNA MicroarrayMinGin Kim0Jongwon Kim1Sun-Hee Kim2Jong-Dae Kim3Thermo Fisher Scientific, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USABiomedux, Suwon-si 16226, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Fashion Industry, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of KoreaSchool of Software, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Republic of KoreaLow-density DNA microarrays are crucial in molecular diagnostics due to their cost-effectiveness and high sensitivity. However, reliable spot localization remains challenging due to positional variations and image artifacts. Traditional intensity-based methods often struggle with weak fluorescence signals. To address this, we propose a rapid spot localization method that combines template matching with point pattern matching, enhanced through vectorized programming and square (box) templates. Vectorized programming accelerated the most time-consuming calculation by 82 times on a PC and was 6000 times faster on a Raspberry Pi compared to a for-loop implementation. While this improvement applies to the vectorized square calculation alone, substantial performance gains were still achieved in the overall process. Additionally, replacing circular templates with square templates resulted in a fourfold reduction in processing time without compromising detection performance. The proposed method effectively reduces computational overhead, making it suitable for high-throughput and resource-constrained applications. The method was validated using HPV genotyping images from commercial DNA microarrays, demonstrating its practical applicability and robust performance in clinical settings.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/7/2135low-density DNA microarrayspot localizationvectorized programmingsquare template matchingHPV genotyping
spellingShingle MinGin Kim
Jongwon Kim
Sun-Hee Kim
Jong-Dae Kim
Fast Spot Locating for Low-Density DNA Microarray
Sensors
low-density DNA microarray
spot localization
vectorized programming
square template matching
HPV genotyping
title Fast Spot Locating for Low-Density DNA Microarray
title_full Fast Spot Locating for Low-Density DNA Microarray
title_fullStr Fast Spot Locating for Low-Density DNA Microarray
title_full_unstemmed Fast Spot Locating for Low-Density DNA Microarray
title_short Fast Spot Locating for Low-Density DNA Microarray
title_sort fast spot locating for low density dna microarray
topic low-density DNA microarray
spot localization
vectorized programming
square template matching
HPV genotyping
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/7/2135
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