Spermidine reduces ISGylation and enhances ISG15–USP18 interaction

Abstract The expression of ubiquitin-like molecule interferon-stimulated gene 15 kDa (ISG15) and its post-translational modification (ISGylation) are significantly activated by interferons or pathogen infections, highlighting their roles in innate immune responses. Over 1100 proteins have been ident...

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Main Authors: Haruka Etori, Riko Asoshina, Takayuki Obita, Fumihiko Okumura
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01425-0
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author Haruka Etori
Riko Asoshina
Takayuki Obita
Fumihiko Okumura
author_facet Haruka Etori
Riko Asoshina
Takayuki Obita
Fumihiko Okumura
author_sort Haruka Etori
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The expression of ubiquitin-like molecule interferon-stimulated gene 15 kDa (ISG15) and its post-translational modification (ISGylation) are significantly activated by interferons or pathogen infections, highlighting their roles in innate immune responses. Over 1100 proteins have been identified as ISGylated. ISG15 is removed from substrates by interferon-induced ubiquitin-specific peptidase 18 (USP18) or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-derived papain-like protease. High ISGylation levels may help prevent the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Polyamines (spermidine and spermine) exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and mitochondrial functions. However, the relationship between nutrients and ISGylation remains unclear. This study assessed the effects of spermine and spermidine on ISGylation. MCF10A and A549 cells were treated with interferon-alpha, spermine, or spermidine, and the expression levels of various proteins and ISGylation were measured. Spermine and spermidine dose-dependently reduced ISGylation. Additionally, spermidine directly interacted with ISG15 and USP18, enhancing their interaction and potentially reducing ISGylation. Therefore, spermidine may prevent ISGylation-related immune responses.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2045-2322
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publishDate 2025-05-01
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spelling doaj-art-64449e19d66846f5a6f1213db97c830c2025-08-20T03:48:18ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115111810.1038/s41598-025-01425-0Spermidine reduces ISGylation and enhances ISG15–USP18 interactionHaruka Etori0Riko Asoshina1Takayuki Obita2Fumihiko Okumura3Department of Food and Health Sciences, International College of Arts and Sciences, Fukuoka Women’s UniversityDepartment of Food and Health Sciences, International College of Arts and Sciences, Fukuoka Women’s UniversityFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of ToyamaDepartment of Food and Health Sciences, International College of Arts and Sciences, Fukuoka Women’s UniversityAbstract The expression of ubiquitin-like molecule interferon-stimulated gene 15 kDa (ISG15) and its post-translational modification (ISGylation) are significantly activated by interferons or pathogen infections, highlighting their roles in innate immune responses. Over 1100 proteins have been identified as ISGylated. ISG15 is removed from substrates by interferon-induced ubiquitin-specific peptidase 18 (USP18) or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-derived papain-like protease. High ISGylation levels may help prevent the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Polyamines (spermidine and spermine) exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and mitochondrial functions. However, the relationship between nutrients and ISGylation remains unclear. This study assessed the effects of spermine and spermidine on ISGylation. MCF10A and A549 cells were treated with interferon-alpha, spermine, or spermidine, and the expression levels of various proteins and ISGylation were measured. Spermine and spermidine dose-dependently reduced ISGylation. Additionally, spermidine directly interacted with ISG15 and USP18, enhancing their interaction and potentially reducing ISGylation. Therefore, spermidine may prevent ISGylation-related immune responses.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01425-0InterferonISGylationInterferon-stimulated gene 15 kDaPolyamineSpermidine
spellingShingle Haruka Etori
Riko Asoshina
Takayuki Obita
Fumihiko Okumura
Spermidine reduces ISGylation and enhances ISG15–USP18 interaction
Scientific Reports
Interferon
ISGylation
Interferon-stimulated gene 15 kDa
Polyamine
Spermidine
title Spermidine reduces ISGylation and enhances ISG15–USP18 interaction
title_full Spermidine reduces ISGylation and enhances ISG15–USP18 interaction
title_fullStr Spermidine reduces ISGylation and enhances ISG15–USP18 interaction
title_full_unstemmed Spermidine reduces ISGylation and enhances ISG15–USP18 interaction
title_short Spermidine reduces ISGylation and enhances ISG15–USP18 interaction
title_sort spermidine reduces isgylation and enhances isg15 usp18 interaction
topic Interferon
ISGylation
Interferon-stimulated gene 15 kDa
Polyamine
Spermidine
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01425-0
work_keys_str_mv AT harukaetori spermidinereducesisgylationandenhancesisg15usp18interaction
AT rikoasoshina spermidinereducesisgylationandenhancesisg15usp18interaction
AT takayukiobita spermidinereducesisgylationandenhancesisg15usp18interaction
AT fumihikookumura spermidinereducesisgylationandenhancesisg15usp18interaction