Investigation on coaxial pseudo-fault characteristics induced by the outer ring defect in the single-sided axle-box bearing of wheelset in urban rail vehicles

Abstract An in-depth understanding of vibration characteristics of the coaxial pseudo-fault in axle-box bearings installed coaxially on both sides of the wheelset is essential for distinguishing the real fault and the pseudo-fault in axle-box bearing condition monitoring. Therefore, a bearing-vehicl...

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Main Authors: Wentao Zhao, Jianming Ding, Xiaokang Liao, Weiwei Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-03-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-93857-x
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author Wentao Zhao
Jianming Ding
Xiaokang Liao
Weiwei Liu
author_facet Wentao Zhao
Jianming Ding
Xiaokang Liao
Weiwei Liu
author_sort Wentao Zhao
collection DOAJ
description Abstract An in-depth understanding of vibration characteristics of the coaxial pseudo-fault in axle-box bearings installed coaxially on both sides of the wheelset is essential for distinguishing the real fault and the pseudo-fault in axle-box bearing condition monitoring. Therefore, a bearing-vehicle-track coupled dynamic model is developed, which incorporates an axle-box bearing dynamic model with an outer ring defect and a vehicle-track coupled dynamic model. The axle-box vibration responses on both sides of the wheelset, considering single-sided bearing defects with different widths at different vehicle speeds, are obtained through simulation and subsequently analyzed. The results indicate that the coaxial pseudo-fault effect is more pronounced under a defect width of 3 mm. The amplitude, root mean square (RMS), and shock pulse method (SPM) indicators of the axle-box vibration response on the defective side exceed those on the healthy side. The impulse response transmitted to the healthy side consistently lags behind that generated on the defective side. The minimum lag time is 0.0011 s. The fault frequency components and harmonics on the healthy side are more dispersed and decay more rapidly. Finally, based on amplitude-related features and spectral energy dispersion characteristics, a criterion for identifying the coaxial pseudo-fault is proposed using the frequency variance (VF) indicator, and the rationality of the proposed indicator range is demonstrated through field test data.
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spelling doaj-art-642a16e2934a4dd1bfb58e965f1ebcc12025-08-20T02:49:26ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-03-0115112010.1038/s41598-025-93857-xInvestigation on coaxial pseudo-fault characteristics induced by the outer ring defect in the single-sided axle-box bearing of wheelset in urban rail vehiclesWentao Zhao0Jianming Ding1Xiaokang Liao2Weiwei Liu3State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System, Southwest Jiaotong UniversityState Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System, Southwest Jiaotong UniversitySchool of Mechanical Engineering, Xihua UniversitySchool of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong UniversityAbstract An in-depth understanding of vibration characteristics of the coaxial pseudo-fault in axle-box bearings installed coaxially on both sides of the wheelset is essential for distinguishing the real fault and the pseudo-fault in axle-box bearing condition monitoring. Therefore, a bearing-vehicle-track coupled dynamic model is developed, which incorporates an axle-box bearing dynamic model with an outer ring defect and a vehicle-track coupled dynamic model. The axle-box vibration responses on both sides of the wheelset, considering single-sided bearing defects with different widths at different vehicle speeds, are obtained through simulation and subsequently analyzed. The results indicate that the coaxial pseudo-fault effect is more pronounced under a defect width of 3 mm. The amplitude, root mean square (RMS), and shock pulse method (SPM) indicators of the axle-box vibration response on the defective side exceed those on the healthy side. The impulse response transmitted to the healthy side consistently lags behind that generated on the defective side. The minimum lag time is 0.0011 s. The fault frequency components and harmonics on the healthy side are more dispersed and decay more rapidly. Finally, based on amplitude-related features and spectral energy dispersion characteristics, a criterion for identifying the coaxial pseudo-fault is proposed using the frequency variance (VF) indicator, and the rationality of the proposed indicator range is demonstrated through field test data.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-93857-xUrban rail vehicleAxle-box bearingCoaxial pseudo-faultBearing-vehicle-track coupled dynamic modelCondition monitoring
spellingShingle Wentao Zhao
Jianming Ding
Xiaokang Liao
Weiwei Liu
Investigation on coaxial pseudo-fault characteristics induced by the outer ring defect in the single-sided axle-box bearing of wheelset in urban rail vehicles
Scientific Reports
Urban rail vehicle
Axle-box bearing
Coaxial pseudo-fault
Bearing-vehicle-track coupled dynamic model
Condition monitoring
title Investigation on coaxial pseudo-fault characteristics induced by the outer ring defect in the single-sided axle-box bearing of wheelset in urban rail vehicles
title_full Investigation on coaxial pseudo-fault characteristics induced by the outer ring defect in the single-sided axle-box bearing of wheelset in urban rail vehicles
title_fullStr Investigation on coaxial pseudo-fault characteristics induced by the outer ring defect in the single-sided axle-box bearing of wheelset in urban rail vehicles
title_full_unstemmed Investigation on coaxial pseudo-fault characteristics induced by the outer ring defect in the single-sided axle-box bearing of wheelset in urban rail vehicles
title_short Investigation on coaxial pseudo-fault characteristics induced by the outer ring defect in the single-sided axle-box bearing of wheelset in urban rail vehicles
title_sort investigation on coaxial pseudo fault characteristics induced by the outer ring defect in the single sided axle box bearing of wheelset in urban rail vehicles
topic Urban rail vehicle
Axle-box bearing
Coaxial pseudo-fault
Bearing-vehicle-track coupled dynamic model
Condition monitoring
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-93857-x
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AT xiaokangliao investigationoncoaxialpseudofaultcharacteristicsinducedbytheouterringdefectinthesinglesidedaxleboxbearingofwheelsetinurbanrailvehicles
AT weiweiliu investigationoncoaxialpseudofaultcharacteristicsinducedbytheouterringdefectinthesinglesidedaxleboxbearingofwheelsetinurbanrailvehicles