Microarray Analysis Reveals Sepsis Is a Syndrome with Hyperactivity of TH17 Immunity, with Over-Presentation of the Treg Cell Cytokine TGF-β
Currently, there are two major theories regarding the pathogenesis of sepsis: hyperimmune and hypoimmune. The hyperimmune theory suggests that a cytokine storm causes the symptoms of sepsis. On the contrary, the hypoimmune theory suggests that immunosuppression causes the manifestations of sepsis. B...
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2025-06-01
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| author | Yu-Ju Chen Jang-Jih Lu Chih-Pei Lin Wan-Chung Hu |
| author_facet | Yu-Ju Chen Jang-Jih Lu Chih-Pei Lin Wan-Chung Hu |
| author_sort | Yu-Ju Chen |
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| description | Currently, there are two major theories regarding the pathogenesis of sepsis: hyperimmune and hypoimmune. The hyperimmune theory suggests that a cytokine storm causes the symptoms of sepsis. On the contrary, the hypoimmune theory suggests that immunosuppression causes the manifestations of sepsis. By conducting a microarray analysis on peripheral leukocytes from patients with sepsis, this study found that hyperactivity of TH17 immunity was noted in sepsis patients. Innate immunity-related genes are significantly upregulated, including <i>CD14</i>, <i>TLR1</i>,<i>2</i>,<i>4</i>,<i>5</i>,<i>8</i>, <i>HSP70</i>, <i>CEBP</i> proteins, AP1 (<i>JUNB</i> and <i>FOSL2</i>), <i>TGFB1</i>, <i>IL6</i>, <i>TGFA</i>, <i>CSF2</i> receptor, <i>TNFRSF1A</i>, S100A binding proteins, <i>CCR2</i>, <i>FPR2</i>, amyloid proteins, pentraxin, defensins, CLEC5A, whole complement machinery, <i>CPD</i>, <i>NCF</i>, <i>MMP</i>, neutrophil elastase, caspases, IgG and IgA Fc receptors (<i>CD64</i>, <i>CD32</i>), <i>ALOX5</i>, <i>PTGS</i>, <i>LTB4R</i>, <i>LTA4H</i>, and <i>ICAM1</i>. The majority of adaptive immunity genes were downregulated, including MHC-related genes, TCR genes, granzymes/perforin, <i>CD40</i>, <i>CD8</i>, <i>CD3</i>, TCR signaling, BCR signaling, T and B cell-specific transcription factors, NK killer receptors, and TH17 helper-specific transcription factors (<i>STAT3</i>, <i>RORA</i>, and <i>REL</i>), as well as Treg-related genes, including <i>TGFB1</i>, <i>IL15</i>, <i>STAT5B</i>, <i>SMAD2/4</i>, <i>CD36</i>, and thrombospondin. The findings of this study show that Th17 with Treg over-presentation play an important role in the pathophysiology of sepsis. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-641f4cf9bbb046f5a9ef57f612119ae72025-08-20T03:27:10ZengMDPI AGCurrent Issues in Molecular Biology1467-30371467-30452025-06-0147643510.3390/cimb47060435Microarray Analysis Reveals Sepsis Is a Syndrome with Hyperactivity of TH17 Immunity, with Over-Presentation of the Treg Cell Cytokine TGF-βYu-Ju Chen0Jang-Jih Lu1Chih-Pei Lin2Wan-Chung Hu3Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 289 Jianguo Road, Xindian District, New Taipei City 231, TaiwanDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 289 Jianguo Road, Xindian District, New Taipei City 231, TaiwanDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 289 Jianguo Road, Xindian District, New Taipei City 231, TaiwanDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 289 Jianguo Road, Xindian District, New Taipei City 231, TaiwanCurrently, there are two major theories regarding the pathogenesis of sepsis: hyperimmune and hypoimmune. The hyperimmune theory suggests that a cytokine storm causes the symptoms of sepsis. On the contrary, the hypoimmune theory suggests that immunosuppression causes the manifestations of sepsis. By conducting a microarray analysis on peripheral leukocytes from patients with sepsis, this study found that hyperactivity of TH17 immunity was noted in sepsis patients. Innate immunity-related genes are significantly upregulated, including <i>CD14</i>, <i>TLR1</i>,<i>2</i>,<i>4</i>,<i>5</i>,<i>8</i>, <i>HSP70</i>, <i>CEBP</i> proteins, AP1 (<i>JUNB</i> and <i>FOSL2</i>), <i>TGFB1</i>, <i>IL6</i>, <i>TGFA</i>, <i>CSF2</i> receptor, <i>TNFRSF1A</i>, S100A binding proteins, <i>CCR2</i>, <i>FPR2</i>, amyloid proteins, pentraxin, defensins, CLEC5A, whole complement machinery, <i>CPD</i>, <i>NCF</i>, <i>MMP</i>, neutrophil elastase, caspases, IgG and IgA Fc receptors (<i>CD64</i>, <i>CD32</i>), <i>ALOX5</i>, <i>PTGS</i>, <i>LTB4R</i>, <i>LTA4H</i>, and <i>ICAM1</i>. The majority of adaptive immunity genes were downregulated, including MHC-related genes, TCR genes, granzymes/perforin, <i>CD40</i>, <i>CD8</i>, <i>CD3</i>, TCR signaling, BCR signaling, T and B cell-specific transcription factors, NK killer receptors, and TH17 helper-specific transcription factors (<i>STAT3</i>, <i>RORA</i>, and <i>REL</i>), as well as Treg-related genes, including <i>TGFB1</i>, <i>IL15</i>, <i>STAT5B</i>, <i>SMAD2/4</i>, <i>CD36</i>, and thrombospondin. The findings of this study show that Th17 with Treg over-presentation play an important role in the pathophysiology of sepsis.https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/47/6/435sepsisTh17innate immunityadaptive immunityTreg |
| spellingShingle | Yu-Ju Chen Jang-Jih Lu Chih-Pei Lin Wan-Chung Hu Microarray Analysis Reveals Sepsis Is a Syndrome with Hyperactivity of TH17 Immunity, with Over-Presentation of the Treg Cell Cytokine TGF-β Current Issues in Molecular Biology sepsis Th17 innate immunity adaptive immunity Treg |
| title | Microarray Analysis Reveals Sepsis Is a Syndrome with Hyperactivity of TH17 Immunity, with Over-Presentation of the Treg Cell Cytokine TGF-β |
| title_full | Microarray Analysis Reveals Sepsis Is a Syndrome with Hyperactivity of TH17 Immunity, with Over-Presentation of the Treg Cell Cytokine TGF-β |
| title_fullStr | Microarray Analysis Reveals Sepsis Is a Syndrome with Hyperactivity of TH17 Immunity, with Over-Presentation of the Treg Cell Cytokine TGF-β |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microarray Analysis Reveals Sepsis Is a Syndrome with Hyperactivity of TH17 Immunity, with Over-Presentation of the Treg Cell Cytokine TGF-β |
| title_short | Microarray Analysis Reveals Sepsis Is a Syndrome with Hyperactivity of TH17 Immunity, with Over-Presentation of the Treg Cell Cytokine TGF-β |
| title_sort | microarray analysis reveals sepsis is a syndrome with hyperactivity of th17 immunity with over presentation of the treg cell cytokine tgf β |
| topic | sepsis Th17 innate immunity adaptive immunity Treg |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/47/6/435 |
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