Comparative Analysis of Laboratory Markers, Severity Scores, and Outcomes in 179 Patients with Severe Acute Pancreatitis

<b>Background and Objectives</b>: Severe acute pancreatitis carries a substantial risk of complications and death. Prompt identification of prognostic factors is crucial to optimize management and reduce mortality. This study aims to compare inflammatory scores, laboratory markers, and c...

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Main Authors: Tudorel Mihoc, Catalin Pirvu, Amadeus Dobrescu, Dan Brebu, Anca Monica Oprescu Macovei, Stelian Pantea, Claudia Borza, Patrick Dumitrescu, Monica Laura Cara
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Biomedicines
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/4/797
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author Tudorel Mihoc
Catalin Pirvu
Amadeus Dobrescu
Dan Brebu
Anca Monica Oprescu Macovei
Stelian Pantea
Claudia Borza
Patrick Dumitrescu
Monica Laura Cara
author_facet Tudorel Mihoc
Catalin Pirvu
Amadeus Dobrescu
Dan Brebu
Anca Monica Oprescu Macovei
Stelian Pantea
Claudia Borza
Patrick Dumitrescu
Monica Laura Cara
author_sort Tudorel Mihoc
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background and Objectives</b>: Severe acute pancreatitis carries a substantial risk of complications and death. Prompt identification of prognostic factors is crucial to optimize management and reduce mortality. This study aims to compare inflammatory scores, laboratory markers, and clinical outcomes between survivors and non-survivors with severe acute pancreatitis, drawing on data from 179 patients admitted between 2017 and 2024. <b>Methods</b>: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 179 patients diagnosed with severe acute pancreatitis. Of these, 55 patient records were extracted from an existing database, and an additional 124 were included from hospital archives (2017–2024). We divided participants into survivors (<i>n</i> = 121) and non-survivors (<i>n</i> = 58). Clinical data were obtained from medical records, including demographic information, comorbidities, laboratory markers (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR)), and severity scores (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE), Computed Tomography Severity Index (CTSI), and Ranson). <b>Results</b>: Non-survivors had significantly higher ages (mean of 66.4 vs. 52.7 years, <i>p</i> = 0.002), elevated inflammatory markers (median NLR of 14.2 vs. 10.3, <i>p</i> = 0.031), and more frequent multiorgan failure (75.9% vs. 31.4%, <i>p</i> < 0.001). The timing of intervention before 28 days was associated with higher mortality (<i>p</i> = 0.004). Chronic kidney disease and advanced cardiovascular comorbidities independently predicted worse survival (<i>p</i> = 0.009). The mortality rate in this cohort was 32.4%. Logistic regression identified age >60 years with an odds ratio (OR = 2.9), multiple organ failure (OR = 4.1), and high severity scores as primary contributors to mortality. <b>Conclusions</b>: Advanced age, comorbidities, elevated inflammatory markers, and multiple organ failure significantly impact mortality in severe acute pancreatitis. Delaying major interventions when feasible, optimizing perioperative care, and early recognition of high-risk patients may improve outcomes. Further research should explore targeted management strategies for high-risk groups and refine the role of delayed or minimally invasive approaches in severe acute pancreatitis management.
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spelling doaj-art-641ef9dfdec14346ae0c7edeb999dd2c2025-08-20T03:14:20ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592025-03-0113479710.3390/biomedicines13040797Comparative Analysis of Laboratory Markers, Severity Scores, and Outcomes in 179 Patients with Severe Acute PancreatitisTudorel Mihoc0Catalin Pirvu1Amadeus Dobrescu2Dan Brebu3Anca Monica Oprescu Macovei4Stelian Pantea5Claudia Borza6Patrick Dumitrescu7Monica Laura Cara8Department X, Surgical Emergencies Clinic, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, 300041 Timișoara, RomaniaDepartment X, Surgical Emergencies Clinic, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, 300041 Timișoara, RomaniaDepartment X, 2nd Surgical Clinic, Researching Future “Chirurgie 2”, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, 300041 Timișoara, RomaniaDepartment X, 2nd Surgical Clinic, Researching Future “Chirurgie 2”, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, 300041 Timișoara, RomaniaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Emergency Hospital Prof. Dr. Agripa Ionescu, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucuresti, RomaniaDepartment X, Surgical Emergencies Clinic, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, 300041 Timișoara, RomaniaDepartment of Functional Sciences–Pathophysiology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, 300041 Timișoara, RomaniaFaculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, 300041 Timișoara, RomaniaDepartment of Public Health and Management, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania<b>Background and Objectives</b>: Severe acute pancreatitis carries a substantial risk of complications and death. Prompt identification of prognostic factors is crucial to optimize management and reduce mortality. This study aims to compare inflammatory scores, laboratory markers, and clinical outcomes between survivors and non-survivors with severe acute pancreatitis, drawing on data from 179 patients admitted between 2017 and 2024. <b>Methods</b>: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 179 patients diagnosed with severe acute pancreatitis. Of these, 55 patient records were extracted from an existing database, and an additional 124 were included from hospital archives (2017–2024). We divided participants into survivors (<i>n</i> = 121) and non-survivors (<i>n</i> = 58). Clinical data were obtained from medical records, including demographic information, comorbidities, laboratory markers (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR)), and severity scores (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE), Computed Tomography Severity Index (CTSI), and Ranson). <b>Results</b>: Non-survivors had significantly higher ages (mean of 66.4 vs. 52.7 years, <i>p</i> = 0.002), elevated inflammatory markers (median NLR of 14.2 vs. 10.3, <i>p</i> = 0.031), and more frequent multiorgan failure (75.9% vs. 31.4%, <i>p</i> < 0.001). The timing of intervention before 28 days was associated with higher mortality (<i>p</i> = 0.004). Chronic kidney disease and advanced cardiovascular comorbidities independently predicted worse survival (<i>p</i> = 0.009). The mortality rate in this cohort was 32.4%. Logistic regression identified age >60 years with an odds ratio (OR = 2.9), multiple organ failure (OR = 4.1), and high severity scores as primary contributors to mortality. <b>Conclusions</b>: Advanced age, comorbidities, elevated inflammatory markers, and multiple organ failure significantly impact mortality in severe acute pancreatitis. Delaying major interventions when feasible, optimizing perioperative care, and early recognition of high-risk patients may improve outcomes. Further research should explore targeted management strategies for high-risk groups and refine the role of delayed or minimally invasive approaches in severe acute pancreatitis management.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/4/797acute pancreatitisinflammatory markersseverity scoresmortalityorgan failure
spellingShingle Tudorel Mihoc
Catalin Pirvu
Amadeus Dobrescu
Dan Brebu
Anca Monica Oprescu Macovei
Stelian Pantea
Claudia Borza
Patrick Dumitrescu
Monica Laura Cara
Comparative Analysis of Laboratory Markers, Severity Scores, and Outcomes in 179 Patients with Severe Acute Pancreatitis
Biomedicines
acute pancreatitis
inflammatory markers
severity scores
mortality
organ failure
title Comparative Analysis of Laboratory Markers, Severity Scores, and Outcomes in 179 Patients with Severe Acute Pancreatitis
title_full Comparative Analysis of Laboratory Markers, Severity Scores, and Outcomes in 179 Patients with Severe Acute Pancreatitis
title_fullStr Comparative Analysis of Laboratory Markers, Severity Scores, and Outcomes in 179 Patients with Severe Acute Pancreatitis
title_full_unstemmed Comparative Analysis of Laboratory Markers, Severity Scores, and Outcomes in 179 Patients with Severe Acute Pancreatitis
title_short Comparative Analysis of Laboratory Markers, Severity Scores, and Outcomes in 179 Patients with Severe Acute Pancreatitis
title_sort comparative analysis of laboratory markers severity scores and outcomes in 179 patients with severe acute pancreatitis
topic acute pancreatitis
inflammatory markers
severity scores
mortality
organ failure
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/4/797
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