Catastrophic “hyperclustering” and recurrent losses: diagnosing U.S. flood insurance insolvency triggers

Abstract Although a cornerstone of U.S. flood risk preparedness since 1968, the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), is burdened by insolvency. Despite pricing and risk assessment reforms, systemic failures persist, resulting in the accumulation of billions in federal debt. This study presents a...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Adam Nayak, Mengjie Zhang, Pierre Gentine, Upmanu Lall
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:npj Natural Hazards
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s44304-025-00136-w
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