A Radio Flaring, Chromospherically Inactive K Dwarf

We report on an unusual radio source (J180526−292953), initially identified as a steep spectrum, polarized point source toward the Galactic bulge and found to coincide with the nearby K dwarf HD 317101A. We conducted a multiwavelength radio study utilizing new GMRT observations and archival data fro...

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Main Authors: Dale A. Frail, Scott D. Hyman, Michele L. Silverstein, Emil Polisensky, Evangelia Tremou, Simona Giacintucci, Hodari-Sadiki Hubbard-James, Jacinda Byam, Steve B. Howell, Robert F. Wilson, Matthew Lastovka, Tracy E. Clarke, Namir E. Kassim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:The Astrophysical Journal
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adee14
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author Dale A. Frail
Scott D. Hyman
Michele L. Silverstein
Emil Polisensky
Evangelia Tremou
Simona Giacintucci
Hodari-Sadiki Hubbard-James
Jacinda Byam
Steve B. Howell
Robert F. Wilson
Matthew Lastovka
Tracy E. Clarke
Namir E. Kassim
author_facet Dale A. Frail
Scott D. Hyman
Michele L. Silverstein
Emil Polisensky
Evangelia Tremou
Simona Giacintucci
Hodari-Sadiki Hubbard-James
Jacinda Byam
Steve B. Howell
Robert F. Wilson
Matthew Lastovka
Tracy E. Clarke
Namir E. Kassim
author_sort Dale A. Frail
collection DOAJ
description We report on an unusual radio source (J180526−292953), initially identified as a steep spectrum, polarized point source toward the Galactic bulge and found to coincide with the nearby K dwarf HD 317101A. We conducted a multiwavelength radio study utilizing new GMRT observations and archival data from ASKAP, MeerKAT, and the Very Large Array. At 1.5 GHz, HD 317101A exhibits highly polarized coherent emission with variable activity lasting several hours with an apparent period of 3.7 days, which is consistent with electron cyclotron maser (ECM) emission. The behavior at 3 GHz is distinctive, with a short burst lasting tens of seconds to minutes, a flat spectrum, and no detected polarization, possibly suggesting gyro-synchrotron emission. High-resolution optical spectroscopy from CHIRON/SMARTS confirms HD 317101A as a mature, chromospherically inactive K7V star, while Gaia astrometry, combined with speckle imaging from Zorro/Gemini-S, indicates the presence of a close-in M5.5V companion. We evaluated three possible origins for the combined radio behavior: chromospheric activity, auroral emission (possibly from a star–planet interaction), or an ultralong-period transient. The bulk of the evidence favors an auroral origin, but the dominant stellar source of the ECM emission remains uncertain. Future very-long baseline interferometry observations, long-term TESS monitoring, high-resolution spectroscopy, and further radio characterization will be key to distinguishing between various scenarios.
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spelling doaj-art-640d7b7c828f4c87b0b4ca8950906eac2025-08-20T03:02:52ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-01989218610.3847/1538-4357/adee14A Radio Flaring, Chromospherically Inactive K DwarfDale A. Frail0https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7604-003XScott D. Hyman1https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5070-6329Michele L. Silverstein2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2565-7909Emil Polisensky3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3272-9237Evangelia Tremou4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4039-6703Simona Giacintucci5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1634-9886Hodari-Sadiki Hubbard-James6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4568-2079Jacinda Byam7https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7309-1005Steve B. Howell8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2532-2853Robert F. Wilson9https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4235-6369Matthew Lastovka10https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4693-7783Tracy E. Clarke11https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6812-7938Namir E. Kassim12https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8035-4906National Radio Astronomy Observatory , P.O. Box O, Socorro, NM 87801, USA ; dfrail@nrao.eduDepartment of Engineering and Physics, Sweet Briar College , Sweet Briar, VA 24595, USAU.S. Naval Research Laboratory , 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, USAU.S. Naval Research Laboratory , 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, USANational Radio Astronomy Observatory , P.O. Box O, Socorro, NM 87801, USA ; dfrail@nrao.eduU.S. Naval Research Laboratory , 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, USAAgnes Scott College , 141 E. College Avenue, Decatur, GA 30030, USAAgnes Scott College , 141 E. College Avenue, Decatur, GA 30030, USANASA Ames Research Center , Moffett Field, CA 94035, USANASA , Goddard Space Flight Center, Mail Code 660 Greenbelt, MD 20771, USADepartment of Astronomy, University of Maryland 4296 Stadium Dr ., College Park, MD 20742-2421, USAU.S. Naval Research Laboratory , 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, USAU.S. Naval Research Laboratory , 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, USAWe report on an unusual radio source (J180526−292953), initially identified as a steep spectrum, polarized point source toward the Galactic bulge and found to coincide with the nearby K dwarf HD 317101A. We conducted a multiwavelength radio study utilizing new GMRT observations and archival data from ASKAP, MeerKAT, and the Very Large Array. At 1.5 GHz, HD 317101A exhibits highly polarized coherent emission with variable activity lasting several hours with an apparent period of 3.7 days, which is consistent with electron cyclotron maser (ECM) emission. The behavior at 3 GHz is distinctive, with a short burst lasting tens of seconds to minutes, a flat spectrum, and no detected polarization, possibly suggesting gyro-synchrotron emission. High-resolution optical spectroscopy from CHIRON/SMARTS confirms HD 317101A as a mature, chromospherically inactive K7V star, while Gaia astrometry, combined with speckle imaging from Zorro/Gemini-S, indicates the presence of a close-in M5.5V companion. We evaluated three possible origins for the combined radio behavior: chromospheric activity, auroral emission (possibly from a star–planet interaction), or an ultralong-period transient. The bulk of the evidence favors an auroral origin, but the dominant stellar source of the ECM emission remains uncertain. Future very-long baseline interferometry observations, long-term TESS monitoring, high-resolution spectroscopy, and further radio characterization will be key to distinguishing between various scenarios.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adee14Stellar magnetic fieldsLate-type dwarf starsRadio continuum emissionStar-planet interactions
spellingShingle Dale A. Frail
Scott D. Hyman
Michele L. Silverstein
Emil Polisensky
Evangelia Tremou
Simona Giacintucci
Hodari-Sadiki Hubbard-James
Jacinda Byam
Steve B. Howell
Robert F. Wilson
Matthew Lastovka
Tracy E. Clarke
Namir E. Kassim
A Radio Flaring, Chromospherically Inactive K Dwarf
The Astrophysical Journal
Stellar magnetic fields
Late-type dwarf stars
Radio continuum emission
Star-planet interactions
title A Radio Flaring, Chromospherically Inactive K Dwarf
title_full A Radio Flaring, Chromospherically Inactive K Dwarf
title_fullStr A Radio Flaring, Chromospherically Inactive K Dwarf
title_full_unstemmed A Radio Flaring, Chromospherically Inactive K Dwarf
title_short A Radio Flaring, Chromospherically Inactive K Dwarf
title_sort radio flaring chromospherically inactive k dwarf
topic Stellar magnetic fields
Late-type dwarf stars
Radio continuum emission
Star-planet interactions
url https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adee14
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