Shockingly Effective: Cluster Winds as Engines of Feedback in Starburst Galaxy VV 114
We present high-resolution Keck Cosmic Web Imager and MUSE integral field unit spectroscopy of VV 114, a local IR-luminous merger undergoing a vigorous starburst and showing evidence of galactic-scale feedback. The high-resolution data allow for spectral deblending of the optical emission lines and...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Justin A. Kader Vivian U Jeffrey A. Rich Marina Bianchin Sean T. Linden Anne M. Medling Tanio Diaz-Santos George C. Privon Rosalie McGurk Lee Armus Loreto Barcos-Mũnoz Gabriela Canalizo Vassilis Charmandaris Aaron S. Evans Tianmu Gao Justin Howell Hanae Inami Thomas Lai Kirsten L. Larson Matthew A. Malkan María Sánchez-García Christopher D. Martin Mateusz Matuszewski Claire E. Max Joseph M. Mazzarella James D. Neill Nikolaus Z. Prusinski Raymond Remigio David Sanders Yiqing Song Sabrina Stierwalt Jason Surace |
| author_facet | Justin A. Kader Vivian U Jeffrey A. Rich Marina Bianchin Sean T. Linden Anne M. Medling Tanio Diaz-Santos George C. Privon Rosalie McGurk Lee Armus Loreto Barcos-Mũnoz Gabriela Canalizo Vassilis Charmandaris Aaron S. Evans Tianmu Gao Justin Howell Hanae Inami Thomas Lai Kirsten L. Larson Matthew A. Malkan María Sánchez-García Christopher D. Martin Mateusz Matuszewski Claire E. Max Joseph M. Mazzarella James D. Neill Nikolaus Z. Prusinski Raymond Remigio David Sanders Yiqing Song Sabrina Stierwalt Jason Surace |
| author_sort | Justin A. Kader |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We present high-resolution Keck Cosmic Web Imager and MUSE integral field unit spectroscopy of VV 114, a local IR-luminous merger undergoing a vigorous starburst and showing evidence of galactic-scale feedback. The high-resolution data allow for spectral deblending of the optical emission lines and reveal a broad emission line component ( σ _broad ∼ 100–300 km s ^−1 ) with line ratios and kinematics consistent with a mixture of ionization by stars and radiative shocks. The shock fraction (percentage of ionization due to shocks) in the high-velocity gas is anticorrelated with the projected surface number density of resolved star clusters, and we find that the radial density profiles around clusters are fit well by models of adiabatically expanding cluster winds driven by massive stellar winds and supernovae (SNe). The total kinetic power estimated from the cluster wind models matches the wind + SN mechanical energy deposition rate estimated from the soft-band X-ray luminosity, indicating that at least 70% of the shock luminosity in the galaxy is driven by the star clusters. Hubble Space Telescope narrowband near-IR imaging reveals embedded shocks in the dust-buried IR nucleus of VV 114E. Most of the shocked gas is blueshifted with respect to the quiescent medium, and there is a close spatial correspondence between the shock map and the Chandra soft-band X-ray image, implying the presence of a galactic superwind. The energy budget of the superwind is in close agreement with the total kinetic power of the cluster winds, confirming the superwind is driven by the starburst. |
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| spelling | doaj-art-63faf72eceac450fbdce37ab1eaa8abb2025-08-20T03:56:49ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-01988223010.3847/1538-4357/ade38eShockingly Effective: Cluster Winds as Engines of Feedback in Starburst Galaxy VV 114Justin A. Kader0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6650-3757Vivian U1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1912-0024Jeffrey A. Rich2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5807-5078Marina Bianchin3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-9446Sean T. Linden4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1000-6081Anne M. Medling5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7421-2944Tanio Diaz-Santos6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0699-6083George C. Privon7https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3474-1125Rosalie McGurk8https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2064-4105Lee Armus9https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3498-2973Loreto Barcos-Mũnoz10https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0057-8892Gabriela Canalizo11https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4693-6157Vassilis Charmandaris12https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2688-1956Aaron S. Evans13https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2638-1334Tianmu Gao14https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1158-6372Justin Howell15https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6028-8059Hanae Inami16https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4268-0393Thomas Lai17https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8490-6632Kirsten L. Larson18https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3917-6460Matthew A. Malkan19https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6919-1237María Sánchez-García20https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4286-4475Christopher D. Martin21Mateusz Matuszewski22https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2821-1750Claire E. Max23https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0682-5436Joseph M. Mazzarella24https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8204-8619James D. Neill25https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0466-1119Nikolaus Z. Prusinski26https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5847-7934Raymond Remigio27https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0164-8795David Sanders28https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1233-9998Yiqing Song29https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3139-3041Sabrina Stierwalt30https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2596-8531Jason Surace31https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7291-0087Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, 4129 Frederick Reines Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, 4129 Frederick Reines Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; IPAC, California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USAThe Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science , 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, 4129 Frederick Reines Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USADepartment of Astronomy, University of Arizona , 1114 E. Lowell Road, Tucson, AZ 85719, USADepartment of Physics & Astronomy and Ritter Astrophysical Research Center, University of Toledo , Toledo, OH 43606, USAInstitute of Astrophysics , Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion 70013, Greece; School of Sciences, European University Cyprus , Diogenes Street, Engomi, 1516 Nicosia, CyprusNational Radio Astronomy Observatory , 520 Edgemont Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia , 530 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; Department of Astronomy, University of Florida , P.O. Box 112055, Gainesville, FL 32611, USAW. M. Keck Observatory , 65-1120 Mamalahoa Hwy., Kamuela, HI 96743, USAIPAC, California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USANational Radio Astronomy Observatory , 520 Edgemont Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia , 530 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USAInstitute of Astrophysics , Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion 70013, Greece; School of Sciences, European University Cyprus , Diogenes Street, Engomi, 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Physics, University of Crete , Heraklion 71003, GreeceNational Radio Astronomy Observatory , 520 Edgemont Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia , 530 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USAResearch School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University , Weston Creek, ACT 2611, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions (ASTRO 3D) , Canberra, ACT 2611, AustraliaIPAC, California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USAHiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University , 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, JapanIPAC, California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USAAURA for the European Space Agency (ESA), Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USADepartment of Physics & Astronomy, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1547, USAInstitute of Astrophysics , Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion 70013, GreeceCahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 249-17, Pasadena, CA 91125, USACahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 249-17, Pasadena, CA 91125, USADepartment of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USAIPAC, California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USACahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 249-17, Pasadena, CA 91125, USACahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 249-17, Pasadena, CA 91125, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, 4129 Frederick Reines Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USAInstitute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USAEuropean Southern Observatory , Alonso de Córdova, 3107 Vitacura, Santiago 763-0355, Chile; Joint ALMA Observatory , Alonso de Córdova, 3107 Vitacura, Santiago 763-0355, ChileOccidental College , Physics Department, 1600 Campus Road, Los Angeles, CA 90042, USAIPAC, California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USAWe present high-resolution Keck Cosmic Web Imager and MUSE integral field unit spectroscopy of VV 114, a local IR-luminous merger undergoing a vigorous starburst and showing evidence of galactic-scale feedback. The high-resolution data allow for spectral deblending of the optical emission lines and reveal a broad emission line component ( σ _broad ∼ 100–300 km s ^−1 ) with line ratios and kinematics consistent with a mixture of ionization by stars and radiative shocks. The shock fraction (percentage of ionization due to shocks) in the high-velocity gas is anticorrelated with the projected surface number density of resolved star clusters, and we find that the radial density profiles around clusters are fit well by models of adiabatically expanding cluster winds driven by massive stellar winds and supernovae (SNe). The total kinetic power estimated from the cluster wind models matches the wind + SN mechanical energy deposition rate estimated from the soft-band X-ray luminosity, indicating that at least 70% of the shock luminosity in the galaxy is driven by the star clusters. Hubble Space Telescope narrowband near-IR imaging reveals embedded shocks in the dust-buried IR nucleus of VV 114E. Most of the shocked gas is blueshifted with respect to the quiescent medium, and there is a close spatial correspondence between the shock map and the Chandra soft-band X-ray image, implying the presence of a galactic superwind. The energy budget of the superwind is in close agreement with the total kinetic power of the cluster winds, confirming the superwind is driven by the starburst.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ade38eLuminous infrared galaxiesStarburst galaxiesShocksStellar feedbackGalaxy mergers |
| spellingShingle | Justin A. Kader Vivian U Jeffrey A. Rich Marina Bianchin Sean T. Linden Anne M. Medling Tanio Diaz-Santos George C. Privon Rosalie McGurk Lee Armus Loreto Barcos-Mũnoz Gabriela Canalizo Vassilis Charmandaris Aaron S. Evans Tianmu Gao Justin Howell Hanae Inami Thomas Lai Kirsten L. Larson Matthew A. Malkan María Sánchez-García Christopher D. Martin Mateusz Matuszewski Claire E. Max Joseph M. Mazzarella James D. Neill Nikolaus Z. Prusinski Raymond Remigio David Sanders Yiqing Song Sabrina Stierwalt Jason Surace Shockingly Effective: Cluster Winds as Engines of Feedback in Starburst Galaxy VV 114 The Astrophysical Journal Luminous infrared galaxies Starburst galaxies Shocks Stellar feedback Galaxy mergers |
| title | Shockingly Effective: Cluster Winds as Engines of Feedback in Starburst Galaxy VV 114 |
| title_full | Shockingly Effective: Cluster Winds as Engines of Feedback in Starburst Galaxy VV 114 |
| title_fullStr | Shockingly Effective: Cluster Winds as Engines of Feedback in Starburst Galaxy VV 114 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Shockingly Effective: Cluster Winds as Engines of Feedback in Starburst Galaxy VV 114 |
| title_short | Shockingly Effective: Cluster Winds as Engines of Feedback in Starburst Galaxy VV 114 |
| title_sort | shockingly effective cluster winds as engines of feedback in starburst galaxy vv 114 |
| topic | Luminous infrared galaxies Starburst galaxies Shocks Stellar feedback Galaxy mergers |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ade38e |
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