The accordion worm: a new genus and species of heteronemertean (Nemertea, Pilidiophora) from Galicia (Spain)

Ribbon worms (Nemertea) are a less-known group of invertebrates, specially challenging for taxonomic studies due to the scarcity of external morphological features. As a consequence, the number of known nemertean species might represent just a small fraction of the true diversity of the phylum. The...

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Main Authors: Aida Verdes, Carlota Gracia-Sancha, Jacinto Pérez-Dieste, María Conejero, Patricia Alvarez Campos, Carlos Leiva, Sergi Taboada, Ana Riesgo, Juan Junoy
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: The Royal Society 2025-05-01
Series:Royal Society Open Science
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Online Access:https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.250313
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author Aida Verdes
Carlota Gracia-Sancha
Jacinto Pérez-Dieste
María Conejero
Patricia Alvarez Campos
Carlos Leiva
Sergi Taboada
Ana Riesgo
Juan Junoy
author_facet Aida Verdes
Carlota Gracia-Sancha
Jacinto Pérez-Dieste
María Conejero
Patricia Alvarez Campos
Carlos Leiva
Sergi Taboada
Ana Riesgo
Juan Junoy
author_sort Aida Verdes
collection DOAJ
description Ribbon worms (Nemertea) are a less-known group of invertebrates, specially challenging for taxonomic studies due to the scarcity of external morphological features. As a consequence, the number of known nemertean species might represent just a small fraction of the true diversity of the phylum. The present study increases the number of known ribbon worm species with the description of the accordion worm Pararosa vigarae sp. nov., a new genus and species of Heternonemertea from the northwest coast of Spain. We performed molecular phylogenetic analyses based on partial sequences of 16S rRNA, 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and histone H3 gene markers that indicated the newly identified specimens represent a new genus and species of heteronemertean in the family Lineidae. We also provide morphological data and images illustrating its unique behaviour, contracting its body into a series of rings similar to an accordion. Our results increase our knowledge on the diversity of an important but often overlooked invertebrate phylum and emphasize the need to combine morphological and molecular data to discover new ribbon worm species and better evaluate the true diversity of the phylum.
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spelling doaj-art-63f8cc57dff04da2a763e3c07e43099e2025-08-20T02:06:44ZengThe Royal SocietyRoyal Society Open Science2054-57032025-05-0112510.1098/rsos.250313The accordion worm: a new genus and species of heteronemertean (Nemertea, Pilidiophora) from Galicia (Spain)Aida Verdes0Carlota Gracia-Sancha1Jacinto Pérez-Dieste2María Conejero3Patricia Alvarez Campos4Carlos Leiva5Sergi Taboada6Ana Riesgo7Juan Junoy8Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology Department, National Museum of Natural Sciences, Madrid, SpainBiodiversity and Evolutionary Biology Department, National Museum of Natural Sciences, Madrid, SpainGrupo de Estudos do Medio Mariño (GEMM), A Coruña, SpainBiodiversity and Evolutionary Biology Department, National Museum of Natural Sciences, Madrid, SpainDepartment of Biology, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, SpainUniversity of Guam, Mangilao, Guam, GuamBiodiversity and Evolutionary Biology Department, National Museum of Natural Sciences, Madrid, SpainBiodiversity and Evolutionary Biology Department, National Museum of Natural Sciences, Madrid, SpainDepartamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, SpainRibbon worms (Nemertea) are a less-known group of invertebrates, specially challenging for taxonomic studies due to the scarcity of external morphological features. As a consequence, the number of known nemertean species might represent just a small fraction of the true diversity of the phylum. The present study increases the number of known ribbon worm species with the description of the accordion worm Pararosa vigarae sp. nov., a new genus and species of Heternonemertea from the northwest coast of Spain. We performed molecular phylogenetic analyses based on partial sequences of 16S rRNA, 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and histone H3 gene markers that indicated the newly identified specimens represent a new genus and species of heteronemertean in the family Lineidae. We also provide morphological data and images illustrating its unique behaviour, contracting its body into a series of rings similar to an accordion. Our results increase our knowledge on the diversity of an important but often overlooked invertebrate phylum and emphasize the need to combine morphological and molecular data to discover new ribbon worm species and better evaluate the true diversity of the phylum.https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.250313accordion wormHeteronemerteaLineidaeNemerteaPararosa vigaraeribbon worm
spellingShingle Aida Verdes
Carlota Gracia-Sancha
Jacinto Pérez-Dieste
María Conejero
Patricia Alvarez Campos
Carlos Leiva
Sergi Taboada
Ana Riesgo
Juan Junoy
The accordion worm: a new genus and species of heteronemertean (Nemertea, Pilidiophora) from Galicia (Spain)
Royal Society Open Science
accordion worm
Heteronemertea
Lineidae
Nemertea
Pararosa vigarae
ribbon worm
title The accordion worm: a new genus and species of heteronemertean (Nemertea, Pilidiophora) from Galicia (Spain)
title_full The accordion worm: a new genus and species of heteronemertean (Nemertea, Pilidiophora) from Galicia (Spain)
title_fullStr The accordion worm: a new genus and species of heteronemertean (Nemertea, Pilidiophora) from Galicia (Spain)
title_full_unstemmed The accordion worm: a new genus and species of heteronemertean (Nemertea, Pilidiophora) from Galicia (Spain)
title_short The accordion worm: a new genus and species of heteronemertean (Nemertea, Pilidiophora) from Galicia (Spain)
title_sort accordion worm a new genus and species of heteronemertean nemertea pilidiophora from galicia spain
topic accordion worm
Heteronemertea
Lineidae
Nemertea
Pararosa vigarae
ribbon worm
url https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.250313
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