Steady-State PERG Adaptation Reveals Temporal Abnormalities of Retinal Ganglion Cells in Treated Ocular Hypertension and Glaucoma

<b>Background/Objectives:</b> This study investigates adaptive changes in long-lasting pattern electroretinogram (PERG) responses in ocular hypertension (OHT) and open-angle glaucoma (OAG) patients, and in healthy subjects. <b>Methods:</b> Sixty consecutive individuals were r...

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Main Authors: Tommaso Salgarello, Andrea Giudiceandrea, Grazia Maria Cozzupoli, Martina Cocuzza, Romolo Fedeli, Donato Errico, Antonello Fadda, Filippo Amore, Marco Sulfaro, Epifanio Giudiceandrea, Matteo Salgarello, Stanislao Rizzo, Benedetto Falsini
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Diagnostics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/14/1797
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author Tommaso Salgarello
Andrea Giudiceandrea
Grazia Maria Cozzupoli
Martina Cocuzza
Romolo Fedeli
Donato Errico
Antonello Fadda
Filippo Amore
Marco Sulfaro
Epifanio Giudiceandrea
Matteo Salgarello
Stanislao Rizzo
Benedetto Falsini
author_facet Tommaso Salgarello
Andrea Giudiceandrea
Grazia Maria Cozzupoli
Martina Cocuzza
Romolo Fedeli
Donato Errico
Antonello Fadda
Filippo Amore
Marco Sulfaro
Epifanio Giudiceandrea
Matteo Salgarello
Stanislao Rizzo
Benedetto Falsini
author_sort Tommaso Salgarello
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background/Objectives:</b> This study investigates adaptive changes in long-lasting pattern electroretinogram (PERG) responses in ocular hypertension (OHT) and open-angle glaucoma (OAG) patients, and in healthy subjects. <b>Methods:</b> Sixty consecutive individuals were recruited, including 20 OHT, 20 OAG, and 20 normal subjects. All participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmologic examination, 30–2 perimetry, and retinal nerve fiber layer imaging. Steady-state (7.5 Hz) PERGs were recorded over approximately 2 min, in response to 90% contrast alternating gratings within a large field size. The recordings were acquired into a sequence of 10 averages (packets), lasting 10 s each, following a standardized adaptation paradigm (Next Generation PERG, PERGx). Key outcome measures included PERGx parameters reflecting response amplitude and phase changes over time. <b>Results:</b> The PERGx grand average scalar amplitude, a surrogate of ordinary PERG, was significantly reduced in both OHT and OAG groups compared to normal subjects (<i>p</i> < 0.01). In contrast, minimal adaptation changes were noted in PERGx amplitude among all groups. The PERGx phase exhibited a progressive decline over time, with consistent delays of approximately 20 degrees across all groups. Angular dispersion of the PERGx phase increased significantly in OHT patients compared to normal subjects (<i>p</i> < 0.05). An inverse relationship was observed between PERGx angular dispersion and treated intraocular pressure, specifically in OHT patients. <b>Conclusions:</b> The findings suggest that both OHT and OAG eyes may exhibit temporal abnormalities in PERG adaptation, potentially indicating early dysfunction in retinal ganglion cell activity. <b>Translational Relevance:</b> PERGx phase changes may have significant implications for glaucoma early detection and management.
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spelling doaj-art-63f22577d6dd4da284cbf63b21d94d222025-08-20T03:58:31ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182025-07-011514179710.3390/diagnostics15141797Steady-State PERG Adaptation Reveals Temporal Abnormalities of Retinal Ganglion Cells in Treated Ocular Hypertension and GlaucomaTommaso Salgarello0Andrea Giudiceandrea1Grazia Maria Cozzupoli2Martina Cocuzza3Romolo Fedeli4Donato Errico5Antonello Fadda6Filippo Amore7Marco Sulfaro8Epifanio Giudiceandrea9Matteo Salgarello10Stanislao Rizzo11Benedetto Falsini12Eye Clinic, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, ItalyEye Clinic, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, ItalyInstitute of Ophthalmology, Pia Fondazione Cardinale Giovanni Panico Hospital, 73039 Tricase, ItalyEye Clinic, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, ItalyInstitute of Ophthalmology, Pia Fondazione Cardinale Giovanni Panico Hospital, 73039 Tricase, ItalyInstitute of Ophthalmology, Pia Fondazione Cardinale Giovanni Panico Hospital, 73039 Tricase, ItalyDepartment of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic and Aging Associated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, ItalyNational Centre of Services and Research for the Prevention of Blindness and Rehabilitation of Low Vision Patients, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, ItalyNational Centre of Services and Research for the Prevention of Blindness and Rehabilitation of Low Vision Patients, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, ItalySan Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, ItalyFaculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, ItalyEye Clinic, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, ItalyEye Clinic, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy<b>Background/Objectives:</b> This study investigates adaptive changes in long-lasting pattern electroretinogram (PERG) responses in ocular hypertension (OHT) and open-angle glaucoma (OAG) patients, and in healthy subjects. <b>Methods:</b> Sixty consecutive individuals were recruited, including 20 OHT, 20 OAG, and 20 normal subjects. All participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmologic examination, 30–2 perimetry, and retinal nerve fiber layer imaging. Steady-state (7.5 Hz) PERGs were recorded over approximately 2 min, in response to 90% contrast alternating gratings within a large field size. The recordings were acquired into a sequence of 10 averages (packets), lasting 10 s each, following a standardized adaptation paradigm (Next Generation PERG, PERGx). Key outcome measures included PERGx parameters reflecting response amplitude and phase changes over time. <b>Results:</b> The PERGx grand average scalar amplitude, a surrogate of ordinary PERG, was significantly reduced in both OHT and OAG groups compared to normal subjects (<i>p</i> < 0.01). In contrast, minimal adaptation changes were noted in PERGx amplitude among all groups. The PERGx phase exhibited a progressive decline over time, with consistent delays of approximately 20 degrees across all groups. Angular dispersion of the PERGx phase increased significantly in OHT patients compared to normal subjects (<i>p</i> < 0.05). An inverse relationship was observed between PERGx angular dispersion and treated intraocular pressure, specifically in OHT patients. <b>Conclusions:</b> The findings suggest that both OHT and OAG eyes may exhibit temporal abnormalities in PERG adaptation, potentially indicating early dysfunction in retinal ganglion cell activity. <b>Translational Relevance:</b> PERGx phase changes may have significant implications for glaucoma early detection and management.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/14/1797glaucomapattern electroretinogramoptic nerveadaptation
spellingShingle Tommaso Salgarello
Andrea Giudiceandrea
Grazia Maria Cozzupoli
Martina Cocuzza
Romolo Fedeli
Donato Errico
Antonello Fadda
Filippo Amore
Marco Sulfaro
Epifanio Giudiceandrea
Matteo Salgarello
Stanislao Rizzo
Benedetto Falsini
Steady-State PERG Adaptation Reveals Temporal Abnormalities of Retinal Ganglion Cells in Treated Ocular Hypertension and Glaucoma
Diagnostics
glaucoma
pattern electroretinogram
optic nerve
adaptation
title Steady-State PERG Adaptation Reveals Temporal Abnormalities of Retinal Ganglion Cells in Treated Ocular Hypertension and Glaucoma
title_full Steady-State PERG Adaptation Reveals Temporal Abnormalities of Retinal Ganglion Cells in Treated Ocular Hypertension and Glaucoma
title_fullStr Steady-State PERG Adaptation Reveals Temporal Abnormalities of Retinal Ganglion Cells in Treated Ocular Hypertension and Glaucoma
title_full_unstemmed Steady-State PERG Adaptation Reveals Temporal Abnormalities of Retinal Ganglion Cells in Treated Ocular Hypertension and Glaucoma
title_short Steady-State PERG Adaptation Reveals Temporal Abnormalities of Retinal Ganglion Cells in Treated Ocular Hypertension and Glaucoma
title_sort steady state perg adaptation reveals temporal abnormalities of retinal ganglion cells in treated ocular hypertension and glaucoma
topic glaucoma
pattern electroretinogram
optic nerve
adaptation
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/14/1797
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