Descriptive Methodology for Risk Situation of Disastrous Sea Waves in the China Sea
To meet the needs of marine disaster prevention and mitigation, this paper proposes a systematic methodological framework to describe the annual risk situation of Disastrous Sea Waves (DSWs) from four perspectives. Its application is demonstrated for the China Sea in 2023 as a case study. The system...
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| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/2/188 |
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| Summary: | To meet the needs of marine disaster prevention and mitigation, this paper proposes a systematic methodological framework to describe the annual risk situation of Disastrous Sea Waves (DSWs) from four perspectives. Its application is demonstrated for the China Sea in 2023 as a case study. The systematic approach is reflected in the following: (1) a comprehensive description of DSW risks based on three dimensions: occurrence frequency, maximum intensity, and hazard index; (2) an overview of the DSW risk characteristics for the year through spatial and monthly distributions; (3) a comparative analysis of the year’s DSWs, with historical data based on anomalies and return periods used to assess the risk characteristics and extremities; and (4) an analysis of the causes of the year’s characteristics based on monthly anomalies and weather systems. Through its application to the China Sea in 2023, the analysis process is introduced as follows. (1) High-Frequency and Intensity Areas: DSWs frequently occurred in the northeastern South China Sea (SCS) and Taiwan Strait, exceeding 450 h. The maximum significant wave height (<i>H<sub>s</sub></i>), reaching 11.3 m, was recorded in the southern East China Sea (ECS) in August. (2) Extremity in Frequency and Attribution: The occurrence frequency was extremely high, with the cumulative hours exceeding the historical average by 159 h (9.1%). The southwestern SCS showed the most significant excess, up to 168 h (>120%). The reason for this was that DSWs in January caused by prolonged cold air lasted 236 h longer (121%). (3) Extremity in Intensity and Attribution: The maximum <i>H<sub>s</sub></i> in the southern ECS and Taiwan Strait was 2 m (30%) higher than the historical average. The intensified cold air waves caused the higher intensities. (4) Hazard Levels: Higher risk occurred in the southwestern SCS, southern ECS, and Taiwan Strait, while the highest extremity occurred in the Bohai Sea. |
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| ISSN: | 2077-1312 |