Effects of Glutamate on Growth Performance, Gut Digestion and Antioxidant Capacity in Juvenile Little Yellow Croaker
This study is to explore the alleviating effects of glutamate on intestinal damage in cultured little yellow croaker. A total of 900 juvenile fish at a weight of 30.68 ± 0.12 g were randomly separated into six groups with three replicates each, and were fed a basic diet (protein at 44.42% and lipid...
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| author | Ruining Liu Yu Zhang Xiao Liang Bao Lou Junquan Zhu |
| author_facet | Ruining Liu Yu Zhang Xiao Liang Bao Lou Junquan Zhu |
| author_sort | Ruining Liu |
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| description | This study is to explore the alleviating effects of glutamate on intestinal damage in cultured little yellow croaker. A total of 900 juvenile fish at a weight of 30.68 ± 0.12 g were randomly separated into six groups with three replicates each, and were fed a basic diet (protein at 44.42% and lipid at 12.48%) with additional glutamate at 0.00%, 0.40%, 0.80%, 1.2%, 1.60%, and 2.00%. Each replica group consisted of 50 fish in a breeding barrel (radius 1.0 m, height 1.5 m), and the experiment lasted for 54 days. The results showed that supplementation with 0.4–1.2% glutamate significantly improved the survival rate, which increased from 75.56% to 91.11%, reduced the feed conversion rate from 1.75 to 1.57, and increased the protein efficiency ratio from 1.55 to 1.85 (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In the intestines, the addition of 0.40–1.2% glutamate increased muscle thickness and villus height (<i>p</i> < 0.05), as well as the activities of pepsin, trypsin, α-amylase, and lipase (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Enzyme activity analysis indicated that the addition of 0.4–1.2% glutamate in the feed significantly enhanced the activities of serum Total Superoxide Dismutase (T-SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) antioxidant enzymes (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Transcriptome analysis of the 1.2% and 0% groups revealed that differentially expressed genes were enriched in glutathione synthesis, nutrient absorption and metabolism, and viral protein interaction with cytokine and cytokine receptor pathways. qPCR experiments verified that the addition of 1.2% glutamate significantly up-regulated the expression of antioxidant-related genes, including glutathione synthetase and Nrf2. In conclusion, the addition of glutamate can enhance growth performance, increase intestinal digestive capacity, activate intestinal glutathione synthesis to alleviate intestinal damage, and maintain intestinal health. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | DOAJ |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
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| series | Fishes |
| spelling | doaj-art-63e706f5edcd464da9ea950a142f01d92025-08-20T03:13:47ZengMDPI AGFishes2410-38882025-04-0110418810.3390/fishes10040188Effects of Glutamate on Growth Performance, Gut Digestion and Antioxidant Capacity in Juvenile Little Yellow CroakerRuining Liu0Yu Zhang1Xiao Liang2Bao Lou3Junquan Zhu4Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology by the Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Hydrobiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Desheng Middle Road 298, Hangzhou 310021, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Hydrobiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Desheng Middle Road 298, Hangzhou 310021, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Hydrobiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Desheng Middle Road 298, Hangzhou 310021, ChinaKey Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology by the Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, ChinaThis study is to explore the alleviating effects of glutamate on intestinal damage in cultured little yellow croaker. A total of 900 juvenile fish at a weight of 30.68 ± 0.12 g were randomly separated into six groups with three replicates each, and were fed a basic diet (protein at 44.42% and lipid at 12.48%) with additional glutamate at 0.00%, 0.40%, 0.80%, 1.2%, 1.60%, and 2.00%. Each replica group consisted of 50 fish in a breeding barrel (radius 1.0 m, height 1.5 m), and the experiment lasted for 54 days. The results showed that supplementation with 0.4–1.2% glutamate significantly improved the survival rate, which increased from 75.56% to 91.11%, reduced the feed conversion rate from 1.75 to 1.57, and increased the protein efficiency ratio from 1.55 to 1.85 (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In the intestines, the addition of 0.40–1.2% glutamate increased muscle thickness and villus height (<i>p</i> < 0.05), as well as the activities of pepsin, trypsin, α-amylase, and lipase (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Enzyme activity analysis indicated that the addition of 0.4–1.2% glutamate in the feed significantly enhanced the activities of serum Total Superoxide Dismutase (T-SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) antioxidant enzymes (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Transcriptome analysis of the 1.2% and 0% groups revealed that differentially expressed genes were enriched in glutathione synthesis, nutrient absorption and metabolism, and viral protein interaction with cytokine and cytokine receptor pathways. qPCR experiments verified that the addition of 1.2% glutamate significantly up-regulated the expression of antioxidant-related genes, including glutathione synthetase and Nrf2. In conclusion, the addition of glutamate can enhance growth performance, increase intestinal digestive capacity, activate intestinal glutathione synthesis to alleviate intestinal damage, and maintain intestinal health.https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/10/4/188glutamic acidgrowthantioxidant enzyme activityintestine<i>Larimichthys polyactis</i> |
| spellingShingle | Ruining Liu Yu Zhang Xiao Liang Bao Lou Junquan Zhu Effects of Glutamate on Growth Performance, Gut Digestion and Antioxidant Capacity in Juvenile Little Yellow Croaker Fishes glutamic acid growth antioxidant enzyme activity intestine <i>Larimichthys polyactis</i> |
| title | Effects of Glutamate on Growth Performance, Gut Digestion and Antioxidant Capacity in Juvenile Little Yellow Croaker |
| title_full | Effects of Glutamate on Growth Performance, Gut Digestion and Antioxidant Capacity in Juvenile Little Yellow Croaker |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Glutamate on Growth Performance, Gut Digestion and Antioxidant Capacity in Juvenile Little Yellow Croaker |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Glutamate on Growth Performance, Gut Digestion and Antioxidant Capacity in Juvenile Little Yellow Croaker |
| title_short | Effects of Glutamate on Growth Performance, Gut Digestion and Antioxidant Capacity in Juvenile Little Yellow Croaker |
| title_sort | effects of glutamate on growth performance gut digestion and antioxidant capacity in juvenile little yellow croaker |
| topic | glutamic acid growth antioxidant enzyme activity intestine <i>Larimichthys polyactis</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/10/4/188 |
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