Effects of variable heat rise/fall on MHD Maxwell ternary nanofluid (Copper-Alumina-Titanium Dioxide/Water) flow over a moving needle
Abstract The current study explores the impact of variable heat rise/fall on the heat and mass transfer through Maxwell Ternary Nanofluid based on Copper-Alumina-Titanium Dioxide/Water. Electrically conducting non-Newtonian Maxwell fluid flowing on a moving thin needle embedded in porous media is co...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
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| author | Amir Abbas Laraib Kiran Kaouther Ghachem Tarek Salem Abdennaji Badr M. Alshammari Lioua Kolsi Ilyas Khan M. S. Khan |
| author_facet | Amir Abbas Laraib Kiran Kaouther Ghachem Tarek Salem Abdennaji Badr M. Alshammari Lioua Kolsi Ilyas Khan M. S. Khan |
| author_sort | Amir Abbas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The current study explores the impact of variable heat rise/fall on the heat and mass transfer through Maxwell Ternary Nanofluid based on Copper-Alumina-Titanium Dioxide/Water. Electrically conducting non-Newtonian Maxwell fluid flowing on a moving thin needle embedded in porous media is considered. Effects of chemical reaction parameters along with the applied magnetic field in the normal direction of the flow of fluid are incorporated. The proposed mechanism in the form of differential equations is solved using the MATLAB bvp4c solver. This study can be utilized in energy systems like nuclear and chemical reactors, where managing high heat fluxes in porous environments is essential. The unique behavior of ternary nanofluids under magnetic fields improves cooling efficiency and system stability. The computed results show that the increase in the Maxwell fluid parameter causes a reduction in the velocity field and an augmentation of temperature and mass concentration. This is due to an increase in thermal relaxation time, which takes time for the adjustment of the fluid. It is concluded that an increase in the Lorentz force due to a rising magnetic field parameter results in a temperature increase and a decrease in the fluid’s velocity. The variable heat rise and fall parameter leads to an increase in the fluid’s temperature. An increase in the nanoparticle volume fraction results in elevated temperature and concentration distributions. Moreover, the Nusselt number increases with higher Prandtl numbers, while the Sherwood number decreases as the chemical reaction parameter grows. The main outcome of this current study for the case of the ternary nanofluid is that the overall thermal performance of the fluid is improved, which serves the purpose of the proposed study. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-63d39fb0e4064abfacec4adbd88e83982025-08-20T03:42:41ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111910.1038/s41598-025-10057-3Effects of variable heat rise/fall on MHD Maxwell ternary nanofluid (Copper-Alumina-Titanium Dioxide/Water) flow over a moving needleAmir Abbas0Laraib Kiran1Kaouther Ghachem2Tarek Salem Abdennaji3Badr M. Alshammari4Lioua Kolsi5Ilyas Khan6M. S. Khan7Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Baba Guru Nanak UniversityDepartment of Chemistry, University of AgricultureDepartment of Industrial and Systems Engineering, College of Engineering, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityDepartment of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Northern Border UniversityDepartment of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Ha’ilDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Ha’ilDepartment of Mathematical Sciences, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, ChennaiDepartment of Civil Engineering, Kardan UniversityAbstract The current study explores the impact of variable heat rise/fall on the heat and mass transfer through Maxwell Ternary Nanofluid based on Copper-Alumina-Titanium Dioxide/Water. Electrically conducting non-Newtonian Maxwell fluid flowing on a moving thin needle embedded in porous media is considered. Effects of chemical reaction parameters along with the applied magnetic field in the normal direction of the flow of fluid are incorporated. The proposed mechanism in the form of differential equations is solved using the MATLAB bvp4c solver. This study can be utilized in energy systems like nuclear and chemical reactors, where managing high heat fluxes in porous environments is essential. The unique behavior of ternary nanofluids under magnetic fields improves cooling efficiency and system stability. The computed results show that the increase in the Maxwell fluid parameter causes a reduction in the velocity field and an augmentation of temperature and mass concentration. This is due to an increase in thermal relaxation time, which takes time for the adjustment of the fluid. It is concluded that an increase in the Lorentz force due to a rising magnetic field parameter results in a temperature increase and a decrease in the fluid’s velocity. The variable heat rise and fall parameter leads to an increase in the fluid’s temperature. An increase in the nanoparticle volume fraction results in elevated temperature and concentration distributions. Moreover, the Nusselt number increases with higher Prandtl numbers, while the Sherwood number decreases as the chemical reaction parameter grows. The main outcome of this current study for the case of the ternary nanofluid is that the overall thermal performance of the fluid is improved, which serves the purpose of the proposed study.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10057-3Ternary nanofluidMaxwell fluidNeedleVariable heat rise/FallPorous mediaChemical reaction |
| spellingShingle | Amir Abbas Laraib Kiran Kaouther Ghachem Tarek Salem Abdennaji Badr M. Alshammari Lioua Kolsi Ilyas Khan M. S. Khan Effects of variable heat rise/fall on MHD Maxwell ternary nanofluid (Copper-Alumina-Titanium Dioxide/Water) flow over a moving needle Scientific Reports Ternary nanofluid Maxwell fluid Needle Variable heat rise/Fall Porous media Chemical reaction |
| title | Effects of variable heat rise/fall on MHD Maxwell ternary nanofluid (Copper-Alumina-Titanium Dioxide/Water) flow over a moving needle |
| title_full | Effects of variable heat rise/fall on MHD Maxwell ternary nanofluid (Copper-Alumina-Titanium Dioxide/Water) flow over a moving needle |
| title_fullStr | Effects of variable heat rise/fall on MHD Maxwell ternary nanofluid (Copper-Alumina-Titanium Dioxide/Water) flow over a moving needle |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of variable heat rise/fall on MHD Maxwell ternary nanofluid (Copper-Alumina-Titanium Dioxide/Water) flow over a moving needle |
| title_short | Effects of variable heat rise/fall on MHD Maxwell ternary nanofluid (Copper-Alumina-Titanium Dioxide/Water) flow over a moving needle |
| title_sort | effects of variable heat rise fall on mhd maxwell ternary nanofluid copper alumina titanium dioxide water flow over a moving needle |
| topic | Ternary nanofluid Maxwell fluid Needle Variable heat rise/Fall Porous media Chemical reaction |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10057-3 |
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