Extending Power Electronic Converter Lifetime in Marine Hydrokinetic Turbines with Reinforcement Learning

Hydrokinetic turbines (HKTs) are a promising renewable energy source due to the consistency and high energy density in river and tidal resources. One of the primary barriers to the widespread adoption of HKT technologies is a high levelized cost of energy (LCOE). Considering the marine operating env...

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Main Authors: Samuel Barton, Ted K. A. Brekken, Yue Cao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/5/2512
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author Samuel Barton
Ted K. A. Brekken
Yue Cao
author_facet Samuel Barton
Ted K. A. Brekken
Yue Cao
author_sort Samuel Barton
collection DOAJ
description Hydrokinetic turbines (HKTs) are a promising renewable energy source due to the consistency and high energy density in river and tidal resources. One of the primary barriers to the widespread adoption of HKT technologies is a high levelized cost of energy (LCOE). Considering the marine operating environment, the operation and maintenance costs are substantial. The power electronic converter, a key element in the electrical energy conversion system, is a common point of failure in direct-drive turbine applications—leading to increased maintenance efforts. This work presents a reinforcement learning (RL) method built within a quadratic feedback torque control framework to balance energy generation with power electronic device lifetime. The effectiveness of the RL-based control scheme is compared against a static baseline controller through two year-long tidal case studies. The results showed that the proposed method reduced cumulative damage on the device by upwards of 75% but reduced energy generation by up to 25.2%. Using a custom real-time cost estimation function that considers the sale of energy and an estimate of the costs associated with operating a device at a given temperature, it was found that the RL method can increase net income by up to 45.4% depending on the energy market conditions.
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spelling doaj-art-63cd608009604b0a9d2d8e1d7e7dd0672025-08-20T02:53:19ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-02-01155251210.3390/app15052512Extending Power Electronic Converter Lifetime in Marine Hydrokinetic Turbines with Reinforcement LearningSamuel Barton0Ted K. A. Brekken1Yue Cao2School of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USASchool of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USASchool of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USAHydrokinetic turbines (HKTs) are a promising renewable energy source due to the consistency and high energy density in river and tidal resources. One of the primary barriers to the widespread adoption of HKT technologies is a high levelized cost of energy (LCOE). Considering the marine operating environment, the operation and maintenance costs are substantial. The power electronic converter, a key element in the electrical energy conversion system, is a common point of failure in direct-drive turbine applications—leading to increased maintenance efforts. This work presents a reinforcement learning (RL) method built within a quadratic feedback torque control framework to balance energy generation with power electronic device lifetime. The effectiveness of the RL-based control scheme is compared against a static baseline controller through two year-long tidal case studies. The results showed that the proposed method reduced cumulative damage on the device by upwards of 75% but reduced energy generation by up to 25.2%. Using a custom real-time cost estimation function that considers the sale of energy and an estimate of the costs associated with operating a device at a given temperature, it was found that the RL method can increase net income by up to 45.4% depending on the energy market conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/5/2512reinforcement learninghydrokinetic turbinepower electronicslifetimemarine energy
spellingShingle Samuel Barton
Ted K. A. Brekken
Yue Cao
Extending Power Electronic Converter Lifetime in Marine Hydrokinetic Turbines with Reinforcement Learning
Applied Sciences
reinforcement learning
hydrokinetic turbine
power electronics
lifetime
marine energy
title Extending Power Electronic Converter Lifetime in Marine Hydrokinetic Turbines with Reinforcement Learning
title_full Extending Power Electronic Converter Lifetime in Marine Hydrokinetic Turbines with Reinforcement Learning
title_fullStr Extending Power Electronic Converter Lifetime in Marine Hydrokinetic Turbines with Reinforcement Learning
title_full_unstemmed Extending Power Electronic Converter Lifetime in Marine Hydrokinetic Turbines with Reinforcement Learning
title_short Extending Power Electronic Converter Lifetime in Marine Hydrokinetic Turbines with Reinforcement Learning
title_sort extending power electronic converter lifetime in marine hydrokinetic turbines with reinforcement learning
topic reinforcement learning
hydrokinetic turbine
power electronics
lifetime
marine energy
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/5/2512
work_keys_str_mv AT samuelbarton extendingpowerelectronicconverterlifetimeinmarinehydrokineticturbineswithreinforcementlearning
AT tedkabrekken extendingpowerelectronicconverterlifetimeinmarinehydrokineticturbineswithreinforcementlearning
AT yuecao extendingpowerelectronicconverterlifetimeinmarinehydrokineticturbineswithreinforcementlearning