Modulatory L-Alliin Effect on Acute Inflammatory Cytokines in Diet-Induced Obesity Mice

<b>Background/Objectives:</b> The inflammatory response has evolved as a protective mechanism against pathogens and tissue damage. However, chronic inflammation can occur, potentially leading to severe disease. Low-grade chronic inflammation is associated with obesity, and the Th1 cytoki...

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Main Authors: Daniel Ulises Torres-Reyes, Marina Alma Sánchez-Sánchez, Carmen de la Rocha, Argelia Esperanza Rojas-Mayorquín, Rocío Ivette López-Roa, Daniel Ortuño-Sahagún, Lucrecia Carrera-Quintanar
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Metabolites
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/14/11/580
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author Daniel Ulises Torres-Reyes
Marina Alma Sánchez-Sánchez
Carmen de la Rocha
Argelia Esperanza Rojas-Mayorquín
Rocío Ivette López-Roa
Daniel Ortuño-Sahagún
Lucrecia Carrera-Quintanar
author_facet Daniel Ulises Torres-Reyes
Marina Alma Sánchez-Sánchez
Carmen de la Rocha
Argelia Esperanza Rojas-Mayorquín
Rocío Ivette López-Roa
Daniel Ortuño-Sahagún
Lucrecia Carrera-Quintanar
author_sort Daniel Ulises Torres-Reyes
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background/Objectives:</b> The inflammatory response has evolved as a protective mechanism against pathogens and tissue damage. However, chronic inflammation can occur, potentially leading to severe disease. Low-grade chronic inflammation is associated with obesity, and the Th1 cytokine profile plays an important role in this proinflammatory environment. Diet-induced obesity (DIO) can lead to persistent dysbiosis and maintain high concentrations of circulating lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) over prolonged periods of time, resulting in metabolic endotoxemia. In this context, the study of natural immunomodulators has recently increased. <b>Objective:</b> The aim of this study is improve scientific evidence for the immunomodulatory role of L-Alliin in obesity and inflammation. <b>Methods:</b> In the present work, we describe the effect of L-Alliin on serum levels of cytokines in DIO mice after an acute inflammatory challenge. L-Alliin is the main organosulfurized molecule of garlic that has been studied for its numerous beneficial physiological effects in health and disease and is beginning to be considered a nutraceutical. Two situations are simulated in this experimental model, health and chronic, low-grade inflammation that occurs in obesity, both of which are confronted with an acute, inflammation-inducing challenge. <b>Results:</b> Based on our findings, L-Alliin seems to somehow stimulate the cellular chemotaxis by eliciting the release of key molecules, including IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-6, IL-9, and G-CSF. However, the molecular mechanism involved remains unknown. This, in turn, mitigates the risk of severe inflammatory symptoms by preventing the release of IL-1β and its downstream molecules such as IL-1α, GM-CSF, and RANTES. <b>Conclusions:</b> Taken together, these results indicate that L-Alliin can boost immunity in healthy organisms and act as an immunomodulator in low-grade inflammation.
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spelling doaj-art-63c3d23e47404726a042eb4bedc807a62025-08-20T02:04:54ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892024-10-01141158010.3390/metabo14110580Modulatory L-Alliin Effect on Acute Inflammatory Cytokines in Diet-Induced Obesity MiceDaniel Ulises Torres-Reyes0Marina Alma Sánchez-Sánchez1Carmen de la Rocha2Argelia Esperanza Rojas-Mayorquín3Rocío Ivette López-Roa4Daniel Ortuño-Sahagún5Lucrecia Carrera-Quintanar6Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional (DCNT), Departamento de Reproducción Humana Crecimiento y Desarrollo Infantil, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara 44340, MexicoDepartamento de Clínicas Médicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara 44340, MexicoPrograma de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional (DCNT), Departamento de Reproducción Humana Crecimiento y Desarrollo Infantil, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara 44340, MexicoDepartamento Materno-Infantil, Centro Universitario de Tlajomulco (CUTlajo), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Tlajomulco 45641, MexicoLaboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo Farmacéutico (LIDF), Departamento de Farmacobiología (CUCEI), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Tlaquepaque 44430, MexicoDepartamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de La Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara 44340, MexicoPrograma de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional (DCNT), Departamento de Reproducción Humana Crecimiento y Desarrollo Infantil, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara 44340, Mexico<b>Background/Objectives:</b> The inflammatory response has evolved as a protective mechanism against pathogens and tissue damage. However, chronic inflammation can occur, potentially leading to severe disease. Low-grade chronic inflammation is associated with obesity, and the Th1 cytokine profile plays an important role in this proinflammatory environment. Diet-induced obesity (DIO) can lead to persistent dysbiosis and maintain high concentrations of circulating lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) over prolonged periods of time, resulting in metabolic endotoxemia. In this context, the study of natural immunomodulators has recently increased. <b>Objective:</b> The aim of this study is improve scientific evidence for the immunomodulatory role of L-Alliin in obesity and inflammation. <b>Methods:</b> In the present work, we describe the effect of L-Alliin on serum levels of cytokines in DIO mice after an acute inflammatory challenge. L-Alliin is the main organosulfurized molecule of garlic that has been studied for its numerous beneficial physiological effects in health and disease and is beginning to be considered a nutraceutical. Two situations are simulated in this experimental model, health and chronic, low-grade inflammation that occurs in obesity, both of which are confronted with an acute, inflammation-inducing challenge. <b>Results:</b> Based on our findings, L-Alliin seems to somehow stimulate the cellular chemotaxis by eliciting the release of key molecules, including IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-6, IL-9, and G-CSF. However, the molecular mechanism involved remains unknown. This, in turn, mitigates the risk of severe inflammatory symptoms by preventing the release of IL-1β and its downstream molecules such as IL-1α, GM-CSF, and RANTES. <b>Conclusions:</b> Taken together, these results indicate that L-Alliin can boost immunity in healthy organisms and act as an immunomodulator in low-grade inflammation.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/14/11/580S-allyl-cysteine sulfoxideL-Alliinobesityinflammatory diseasesanti-inflammatorynutraceuticals
spellingShingle Daniel Ulises Torres-Reyes
Marina Alma Sánchez-Sánchez
Carmen de la Rocha
Argelia Esperanza Rojas-Mayorquín
Rocío Ivette López-Roa
Daniel Ortuño-Sahagún
Lucrecia Carrera-Quintanar
Modulatory L-Alliin Effect on Acute Inflammatory Cytokines in Diet-Induced Obesity Mice
Metabolites
S-allyl-cysteine sulfoxide
L-Alliin
obesity
inflammatory diseases
anti-inflammatory
nutraceuticals
title Modulatory L-Alliin Effect on Acute Inflammatory Cytokines in Diet-Induced Obesity Mice
title_full Modulatory L-Alliin Effect on Acute Inflammatory Cytokines in Diet-Induced Obesity Mice
title_fullStr Modulatory L-Alliin Effect on Acute Inflammatory Cytokines in Diet-Induced Obesity Mice
title_full_unstemmed Modulatory L-Alliin Effect on Acute Inflammatory Cytokines in Diet-Induced Obesity Mice
title_short Modulatory L-Alliin Effect on Acute Inflammatory Cytokines in Diet-Induced Obesity Mice
title_sort modulatory l alliin effect on acute inflammatory cytokines in diet induced obesity mice
topic S-allyl-cysteine sulfoxide
L-Alliin
obesity
inflammatory diseases
anti-inflammatory
nutraceuticals
url https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/14/11/580
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