The role of the microbiome in allergic dermatitis-related otitis externa: a multi-species comparative review

The external ear canal, characterized by species-specific structural and physiological differences, maintains a hostile environment that prevents microbial overgrowth and foreign body entry, supported by factors such as temperature, pH, humidity, and cerumen with antimicrobial properties. This revie...

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Main Authors: Cyrelle Houtsaeger, Frank Pasmans, Ingmar Claes, Sophie Vandenabeele, Freddy Haesebrouck, Sarah Lebeer, Filip Boyen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-12-01
Series:Frontiers in Veterinary Science
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1413684/full
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author Cyrelle Houtsaeger
Cyrelle Houtsaeger
Frank Pasmans
Ingmar Claes
Ingmar Claes
Sophie Vandenabeele
Freddy Haesebrouck
Sarah Lebeer
Filip Boyen
author_facet Cyrelle Houtsaeger
Cyrelle Houtsaeger
Frank Pasmans
Ingmar Claes
Ingmar Claes
Sophie Vandenabeele
Freddy Haesebrouck
Sarah Lebeer
Filip Boyen
author_sort Cyrelle Houtsaeger
collection DOAJ
description The external ear canal, characterized by species-specific structural and physiological differences, maintains a hostile environment that prevents microbial overgrowth and foreign body entry, supported by factors such as temperature, pH, humidity, and cerumen with antimicrobial properties. This review combines several studies on the healthy ear canal’s structure and physiology with a critical approach to the potential existence of an ear microbiome. We use a comparative multi-species approach to explore how allergic conditions alter the ear canal microenvironment and cerumen in different mammalian species, promoting pathogen colonization. We propose a pathogenetic model in which allergic conditions disrupt the antimicrobial environment of the EEC, creating circumstances favorable for facultative pathogenic micro-organisms like Staphylococcus and Malassezia species, leading to otitis externa (OE). A better understanding of the underpinning mechanisms may lead to innovative approaches to disease mitigation.
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publishDate 2024-12-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
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spelling doaj-art-63c0fd4a1df646a8a64f1b99a5b54c5f2025-08-20T02:49:17ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692024-12-011110.3389/fvets.2024.14136841413684The role of the microbiome in allergic dermatitis-related otitis externa: a multi-species comparative reviewCyrelle Houtsaeger0Cyrelle Houtsaeger1Frank Pasmans2Ingmar Claes3Ingmar Claes4Sophie Vandenabeele5Freddy Haesebrouck6Sarah Lebeer7Filip Boyen8Department of Pathobiology Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, BelgiumYUN NV, Niel, BelgiumDepartment of Pathobiology Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, BelgiumYUN NV, Niel, BelgiumDepartment of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, BelgiumDepartment of Small Animal Medicine and Clinical Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, BelgiumDepartment of Pathobiology Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, BelgiumDepartment of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, BelgiumDepartment of Pathobiology Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, BelgiumThe external ear canal, characterized by species-specific structural and physiological differences, maintains a hostile environment that prevents microbial overgrowth and foreign body entry, supported by factors such as temperature, pH, humidity, and cerumen with antimicrobial properties. This review combines several studies on the healthy ear canal’s structure and physiology with a critical approach to the potential existence of an ear microbiome. We use a comparative multi-species approach to explore how allergic conditions alter the ear canal microenvironment and cerumen in different mammalian species, promoting pathogen colonization. We propose a pathogenetic model in which allergic conditions disrupt the antimicrobial environment of the EEC, creating circumstances favorable for facultative pathogenic micro-organisms like Staphylococcus and Malassezia species, leading to otitis externa (OE). A better understanding of the underpinning mechanisms may lead to innovative approaches to disease mitigation.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1413684/fullallergic dermatitismicrobiomeotitis externaear microbiomeatopic dermatitisexternal ear canal
spellingShingle Cyrelle Houtsaeger
Cyrelle Houtsaeger
Frank Pasmans
Ingmar Claes
Ingmar Claes
Sophie Vandenabeele
Freddy Haesebrouck
Sarah Lebeer
Filip Boyen
The role of the microbiome in allergic dermatitis-related otitis externa: a multi-species comparative review
Frontiers in Veterinary Science
allergic dermatitis
microbiome
otitis externa
ear microbiome
atopic dermatitis
external ear canal
title The role of the microbiome in allergic dermatitis-related otitis externa: a multi-species comparative review
title_full The role of the microbiome in allergic dermatitis-related otitis externa: a multi-species comparative review
title_fullStr The role of the microbiome in allergic dermatitis-related otitis externa: a multi-species comparative review
title_full_unstemmed The role of the microbiome in allergic dermatitis-related otitis externa: a multi-species comparative review
title_short The role of the microbiome in allergic dermatitis-related otitis externa: a multi-species comparative review
title_sort role of the microbiome in allergic dermatitis related otitis externa a multi species comparative review
topic allergic dermatitis
microbiome
otitis externa
ear microbiome
atopic dermatitis
external ear canal
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1413684/full
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