Evaluating climate shifts and drought regions in the central Indian river basins
Abstract Climate change, characterized by erratic rainfall patterns and rising temperatures, is enhancing the severity and intensity of drought across India. Considering this impact, assessment of these changes is critical for developing effective adaptation and mitigation strategies. This study emp...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-15231-1 |
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| author | Shekhar Singh Vijay Jain Manish Kumar Goyal |
| author_facet | Shekhar Singh Vijay Jain Manish Kumar Goyal |
| author_sort | Shekhar Singh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Climate change, characterized by erratic rainfall patterns and rising temperatures, is enhancing the severity and intensity of drought across India. Considering this impact, assessment of these changes is critical for developing effective adaptation and mitigation strategies. This study employs a stochastic entropy-based approach to compute the inter- and intra-annual rainfall variability for multiple temporal scales. Considering this assessment, we identified winter, pre-monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons as key contributors to annual rainfall variability. Furthermore, using the entropy approach, we prepared a water resource availability map. It presents that 53.88% of the Betwa’s water resources and 54.57% of the Kshipra’s resources fall under Classes B and C, highlighting significant vulnerability to drought conditions in both basins. Subsequently, meteorological and hydrological droughts were evaluated using SPI, SPEI, and SRI indices. It showed that the Southern and Central regions of the Kshipra and the Northern and Central regions of the Betwa are highly drought prone. The outcome of the present study provides vulnerable drought regions with prolonged duration and high severity and intensity regions across the basin. It will support policymakers in implementing timely and targeted interventions for water resource management, facilitating the development of effective drought action plans. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-63af20fdbeb54a2c9db34aac04d84cb3 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-63af20fdbeb54a2c9db34aac04d84cb32025-08-20T03:42:29ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-0115112110.1038/s41598-025-15231-1Evaluating climate shifts and drought regions in the central Indian river basinsShekhar Singh0Vijay Jain1Manish Kumar Goyal2Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology IndoreDepartment of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology IndoreDepartment of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology IndoreAbstract Climate change, characterized by erratic rainfall patterns and rising temperatures, is enhancing the severity and intensity of drought across India. Considering this impact, assessment of these changes is critical for developing effective adaptation and mitigation strategies. This study employs a stochastic entropy-based approach to compute the inter- and intra-annual rainfall variability for multiple temporal scales. Considering this assessment, we identified winter, pre-monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons as key contributors to annual rainfall variability. Furthermore, using the entropy approach, we prepared a water resource availability map. It presents that 53.88% of the Betwa’s water resources and 54.57% of the Kshipra’s resources fall under Classes B and C, highlighting significant vulnerability to drought conditions in both basins. Subsequently, meteorological and hydrological droughts were evaluated using SPI, SPEI, and SRI indices. It showed that the Southern and Central regions of the Kshipra and the Northern and Central regions of the Betwa are highly drought prone. The outcome of the present study provides vulnerable drought regions with prolonged duration and high severity and intensity regions across the basin. It will support policymakers in implementing timely and targeted interventions for water resource management, facilitating the development of effective drought action plans.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-15231-1 |
| spellingShingle | Shekhar Singh Vijay Jain Manish Kumar Goyal Evaluating climate shifts and drought regions in the central Indian river basins Scientific Reports |
| title | Evaluating climate shifts and drought regions in the central Indian river basins |
| title_full | Evaluating climate shifts and drought regions in the central Indian river basins |
| title_fullStr | Evaluating climate shifts and drought regions in the central Indian river basins |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluating climate shifts and drought regions in the central Indian river basins |
| title_short | Evaluating climate shifts and drought regions in the central Indian river basins |
| title_sort | evaluating climate shifts and drought regions in the central indian river basins |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-15231-1 |
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