Chemical weathering in hardened volcanic horizons (tepetates) of the State of Mexico

Weathering is one of the most important phenomena that affect the balance dynamics of the Earth's crust. The chemical composition of soil samples and hardened horizons from seven profiles (P1 to P7) of the State of Mexico was compared to detect the degree of alteration by means of weathering i...

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Main Authors: Otilio A. Acevedo-Sandoval, Francisco Prieto-García, Judith Prieto-Méndez, Yolanda Marmolejo-Santillán, Claudia Romo-Gómez
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 2022-07-01
Series:Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas
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Online Access:https://rmcg.unam.mx/index.php/rmcg/article/view/1644
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author Otilio A. Acevedo-Sandoval
Francisco Prieto-García
Judith Prieto-Méndez
Yolanda Marmolejo-Santillán
Claudia Romo-Gómez
author_facet Otilio A. Acevedo-Sandoval
Francisco Prieto-García
Judith Prieto-Méndez
Yolanda Marmolejo-Santillán
Claudia Romo-Gómez
author_sort Otilio A. Acevedo-Sandoval
collection DOAJ
description Weathering is one of the most important phenomena that affect the balance dynamics of the Earth's crust. The chemical composition of soil samples and hardened horizons from seven profiles (P1 to P7) of the State of Mexico was compared to detect the degree of alteration by means of weathering indices. In hardened horizons, the dominant elements are SiO2, Al2O3, Na2O, K2O and TiO2, corresponding to 86.8 % of the total oxides. The weathering indices based on the mobility and immobilization of alkaline and alkaline earth elements reveal that the B horizons and the hardened horizons of profiles P4, P5, P6 and P7 are generally more altered than the surface horizons, therefore they have a greater pedogenic development. Profiles P1, P2 and P3 show incipient weathering. The geochemical indices and chemical relationships used in this study to evaluate weathering and associated basic alteration processes showed consistent results. These coincide in indicating incipient to moderate weathering acting in the seven profiles, with variable intensity in all the hardened horizons. The intensity variation defines a sequence of chemical weathering for the hardened horizons: P6> P4> P5> P7> P2> P3> P1, where P6 has the highest degree of weathering in the indices: CIA, CPA, CIA-K, CIW, PIA,IPark, V.
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institution Kabale University
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2007-2902
language English
publishDate 2022-07-01
publisher Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
record_format Article
series Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas
spelling doaj-art-63aa856127ac4d9eb3a2ceb5b0e36d7f2025-08-20T03:44:52ZengUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoRevista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas1026-87742007-29022022-07-0139210.22201/cgeo.20072902e.2022.2.1644Chemical weathering in hardened volcanic horizons (tepetates) of the State of MexicoOtilio A. Acevedo-Sandoval0Francisco Prieto-García1Judith Prieto-Méndez2Yolanda Marmolejo-Santillán3Claudia Romo-Gómez4Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo km. 4.5, Col. Carboneras, C.P. 42076, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico.Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo km. 4.5, Col. Carboneras, C.P. 42076, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico.Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Rancho Universitario, Av. Universidad km. 1, Ex-Hacienda de Aquetzalpa A.P. 32, C.P. 43600, Tulancingo, Hidalgo, Mexico.Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo km. 4.5, Col. Carboneras, C.P. 42076, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico.Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo km. 4.5, Col. Carboneras, C.P. 42076, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico. Weathering is one of the most important phenomena that affect the balance dynamics of the Earth's crust. The chemical composition of soil samples and hardened horizons from seven profiles (P1 to P7) of the State of Mexico was compared to detect the degree of alteration by means of weathering indices. In hardened horizons, the dominant elements are SiO2, Al2O3, Na2O, K2O and TiO2, corresponding to 86.8 % of the total oxides. The weathering indices based on the mobility and immobilization of alkaline and alkaline earth elements reveal that the B horizons and the hardened horizons of profiles P4, P5, P6 and P7 are generally more altered than the surface horizons, therefore they have a greater pedogenic development. Profiles P1, P2 and P3 show incipient weathering. The geochemical indices and chemical relationships used in this study to evaluate weathering and associated basic alteration processes showed consistent results. These coincide in indicating incipient to moderate weathering acting in the seven profiles, with variable intensity in all the hardened horizons. The intensity variation defines a sequence of chemical weathering for the hardened horizons: P6> P4> P5> P7> P2> P3> P1, where P6 has the highest degree of weathering in the indices: CIA, CPA, CIA-K, CIW, PIA,IPark, V. https://rmcg.unam.mx/index.php/rmcg/article/view/1644Volcanic tuffchemical weatheringpyroclaststotal oxidestepetateMexico
spellingShingle Otilio A. Acevedo-Sandoval
Francisco Prieto-García
Judith Prieto-Méndez
Yolanda Marmolejo-Santillán
Claudia Romo-Gómez
Chemical weathering in hardened volcanic horizons (tepetates) of the State of Mexico
Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas
Volcanic tuff
chemical weathering
pyroclasts
total oxides
tepetate
Mexico
title Chemical weathering in hardened volcanic horizons (tepetates) of the State of Mexico
title_full Chemical weathering in hardened volcanic horizons (tepetates) of the State of Mexico
title_fullStr Chemical weathering in hardened volcanic horizons (tepetates) of the State of Mexico
title_full_unstemmed Chemical weathering in hardened volcanic horizons (tepetates) of the State of Mexico
title_short Chemical weathering in hardened volcanic horizons (tepetates) of the State of Mexico
title_sort chemical weathering in hardened volcanic horizons tepetates of the state of mexico
topic Volcanic tuff
chemical weathering
pyroclasts
total oxides
tepetate
Mexico
url https://rmcg.unam.mx/index.php/rmcg/article/view/1644
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