Cons-training tensor networks: Embedding and optimization over discrete linear constraints
In this study, we introduce a novel family of tensor networks, termed constrained matrix product states (MPS), designed to incorporate exactly arbitrary discrete linear constraints, including inequalities, into sparse block structures. These tensor networks are particularly tailored for modeling dis...
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2025-06-01
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| Series: | SciPost Physics |
| Online Access: | https://scipost.org/SciPostPhys.18.6.192 |
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| author | Javier Lopez-Piqueres, Jing Chen |
| author_facet | Javier Lopez-Piqueres, Jing Chen |
| author_sort | Javier Lopez-Piqueres, Jing Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, we introduce a novel family of tensor networks, termed constrained matrix product states (MPS), designed to incorporate exactly arbitrary discrete linear constraints, including inequalities, into sparse block structures. These tensor networks are particularly tailored for modeling distributions with support strictly over the feasible space, offering benefits such as reducing the search space in optimization problems, alleviating overfitting, improving training efficiency, and decreasing model size. Central to our approach is the concept of a quantum region, an extension of quantum numbers traditionally used in $U(1)$ symmetric tensor networks, adapted to capture any linear constraint, including the unconstrained scenario. We further develop a novel canonical form for these new MPS, which allow for the merging and factorization of tensor blocks according to quantum region fusion rules and permit optimal truncation schemes. Utilizing this canonical form, we apply an unsupervised training strategy to optimize arbitrary objective functions subject to discrete linear constraints. Our method's efficacy is demonstrated by solving the quadratic knapsack problem, achieving superior performance compared to a leading nonlinear integer programming solver. Additionally, we analyze the complexity and scalability of our approach, demonstrating its potential in addressing complex constrained combinatorial optimization problems. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-63aa1361e33a4cd28b54cc33cf81664f |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2542-4653 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | SciPost |
| record_format | Article |
| series | SciPost Physics |
| spelling | doaj-art-63aa1361e33a4cd28b54cc33cf81664f2025-08-20T02:40:14ZengSciPostSciPost Physics2542-46532025-06-0118619210.21468/SciPostPhys.18.6.192Cons-training tensor networks: Embedding and optimization over discrete linear constraintsJavier Lopez-Piqueres, Jing ChenIn this study, we introduce a novel family of tensor networks, termed constrained matrix product states (MPS), designed to incorporate exactly arbitrary discrete linear constraints, including inequalities, into sparse block structures. These tensor networks are particularly tailored for modeling distributions with support strictly over the feasible space, offering benefits such as reducing the search space in optimization problems, alleviating overfitting, improving training efficiency, and decreasing model size. Central to our approach is the concept of a quantum region, an extension of quantum numbers traditionally used in $U(1)$ symmetric tensor networks, adapted to capture any linear constraint, including the unconstrained scenario. We further develop a novel canonical form for these new MPS, which allow for the merging and factorization of tensor blocks according to quantum region fusion rules and permit optimal truncation schemes. Utilizing this canonical form, we apply an unsupervised training strategy to optimize arbitrary objective functions subject to discrete linear constraints. Our method's efficacy is demonstrated by solving the quadratic knapsack problem, achieving superior performance compared to a leading nonlinear integer programming solver. Additionally, we analyze the complexity and scalability of our approach, demonstrating its potential in addressing complex constrained combinatorial optimization problems.https://scipost.org/SciPostPhys.18.6.192 |
| spellingShingle | Javier Lopez-Piqueres, Jing Chen Cons-training tensor networks: Embedding and optimization over discrete linear constraints SciPost Physics |
| title | Cons-training tensor networks: Embedding and optimization over discrete linear constraints |
| title_full | Cons-training tensor networks: Embedding and optimization over discrete linear constraints |
| title_fullStr | Cons-training tensor networks: Embedding and optimization over discrete linear constraints |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cons-training tensor networks: Embedding and optimization over discrete linear constraints |
| title_short | Cons-training tensor networks: Embedding and optimization over discrete linear constraints |
| title_sort | cons training tensor networks embedding and optimization over discrete linear constraints |
| url | https://scipost.org/SciPostPhys.18.6.192 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT javierlopezpiqueresjingchen constrainingtensornetworksembeddingandoptimizationoverdiscretelinearconstraints |