A Review of Recent Research on Flow and Heat Transfer Analysis in Additively Manufactured Transpiration Cooling for Gas Turbines
Advanced gas turbine cooling technologies are required to bridge the gap between turbine inlet temperatures and component thermal limits. Transpiration cooling has emerged as a promising method, leveraging porous structures to enhance cooling effectiveness. Recent advancements in additive manufactur...
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/13/3282 |
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| author | Kirttayoth Yeranee Yu Rao |
| author_facet | Kirttayoth Yeranee Yu Rao |
| author_sort | Kirttayoth Yeranee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Advanced gas turbine cooling technologies are required to bridge the gap between turbine inlet temperatures and component thermal limits. Transpiration cooling has emerged as a promising method, leveraging porous structures to enhance cooling effectiveness. Recent advancements in additive manufacturing (AM) enable precise fabrication of complex transpiration cooling architectures, such as triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) and biomimetic designs. This review analyzes AM-enabled transpiration cooling for gas turbines, elucidating key parameters, heat transfer mechanisms, and flow characteristics of AM-fabricated designs through experimental and numerical studies. Previous research has concluded that well-designed transpiration cooling achieves cooling effectiveness up to five times higher than the traditional film cooling methods, minimizes jet lift-off, improves temperature uniformity, and reduces coolant requirements. Optimized coolant controls, graded porosity designs, complex topologies, and hybrid cooling architectures further enhance the flow uniformity and cooling effectiveness in AM transpiration cooling. However, challenges remain, including 4–77% porosity shrinkage in perforated transpiration cooling for 0.5–0.06 mm holes, 15% permeability loss from defects, and 10% strength reduction in AM models. Emerging solutions include experimental validations using advanced diagnostics, high-fidelity multiphysics simulations, AI-driven and topology optimizations, and novel AM techniques, which aim at revolutionizing transpiration cooling for next-generation gas turbines operating under extreme conditions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-638f64cd74bb4328a35408cbf78e397a |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj-art-638f64cd74bb4328a35408cbf78e397a2025-08-20T03:17:07ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-06-011813328210.3390/en18133282A Review of Recent Research on Flow and Heat Transfer Analysis in Additively Manufactured Transpiration Cooling for Gas TurbinesKirttayoth Yeranee0Yu Rao1Institute of Turbomachinery, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaInstitute of Turbomachinery, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaAdvanced gas turbine cooling technologies are required to bridge the gap between turbine inlet temperatures and component thermal limits. Transpiration cooling has emerged as a promising method, leveraging porous structures to enhance cooling effectiveness. Recent advancements in additive manufacturing (AM) enable precise fabrication of complex transpiration cooling architectures, such as triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) and biomimetic designs. This review analyzes AM-enabled transpiration cooling for gas turbines, elucidating key parameters, heat transfer mechanisms, and flow characteristics of AM-fabricated designs through experimental and numerical studies. Previous research has concluded that well-designed transpiration cooling achieves cooling effectiveness up to five times higher than the traditional film cooling methods, minimizes jet lift-off, improves temperature uniformity, and reduces coolant requirements. Optimized coolant controls, graded porosity designs, complex topologies, and hybrid cooling architectures further enhance the flow uniformity and cooling effectiveness in AM transpiration cooling. However, challenges remain, including 4–77% porosity shrinkage in perforated transpiration cooling for 0.5–0.06 mm holes, 15% permeability loss from defects, and 10% strength reduction in AM models. Emerging solutions include experimental validations using advanced diagnostics, high-fidelity multiphysics simulations, AI-driven and topology optimizations, and novel AM techniques, which aim at revolutionizing transpiration cooling for next-generation gas turbines operating under extreme conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/13/3282additive manufacturinggas turbine coolingheat transfer analysistranspiration cooling |
| spellingShingle | Kirttayoth Yeranee Yu Rao A Review of Recent Research on Flow and Heat Transfer Analysis in Additively Manufactured Transpiration Cooling for Gas Turbines Energies additive manufacturing gas turbine cooling heat transfer analysis transpiration cooling |
| title | A Review of Recent Research on Flow and Heat Transfer Analysis in Additively Manufactured Transpiration Cooling for Gas Turbines |
| title_full | A Review of Recent Research on Flow and Heat Transfer Analysis in Additively Manufactured Transpiration Cooling for Gas Turbines |
| title_fullStr | A Review of Recent Research on Flow and Heat Transfer Analysis in Additively Manufactured Transpiration Cooling for Gas Turbines |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Review of Recent Research on Flow and Heat Transfer Analysis in Additively Manufactured Transpiration Cooling for Gas Turbines |
| title_short | A Review of Recent Research on Flow and Heat Transfer Analysis in Additively Manufactured Transpiration Cooling for Gas Turbines |
| title_sort | review of recent research on flow and heat transfer analysis in additively manufactured transpiration cooling for gas turbines |
| topic | additive manufacturing gas turbine cooling heat transfer analysis transpiration cooling |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/13/3282 |
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