Influence of Xanthan gum on the engineering properties and microstructure of expansive soils

The application of novel materials that enhance soil engineering properties while maintaining vegetation growth represents an innovative strategy for ecological protection engineering of expansive soil slopes. Laboratory tests, including wetting and drying cycle tests, direct shear tests, unconfined...

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Main Authors: Miao Ouyang, Hongri Zhang, Guiyao Wang, Youjun Li, Jianping Song
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Materials
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2025.1598601/full
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author Miao Ouyang
Hongri Zhang
Hongri Zhang
Guiyao Wang
Youjun Li
Jianping Song
author_facet Miao Ouyang
Hongri Zhang
Hongri Zhang
Guiyao Wang
Youjun Li
Jianping Song
author_sort Miao Ouyang
collection DOAJ
description The application of novel materials that enhance soil engineering properties while maintaining vegetation growth represents an innovative strategy for ecological protection engineering of expansive soil slopes. Laboratory tests, including wetting and drying cycle tests, direct shear tests, unconfined swelling ratio tests, and vegetation growth tests, were conducted to analyze the effects of xanthan gum on both engineering and vegetation-related properties of expansive soil. The feasibility of xanthan gum for soil improvement was systematically evaluated. The interaction mechanism between xanthan gum and expansive soil was elucidated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. Results demonstrated that xanthan gum effectively inhibited crack development and strength loss. With increasing xanthan gum content, the crack area ratio decreased logarithmically by up to 58.62%, while cohesion increased by 82.96%. The unconfined swelling ratio exhibited a linear reduction, with a maximum decrease of 43.58%. Notably, xanthan gum accelerated seed germination rate but did not significantly affect long-term vegetation growth. Mechanistically, xanthan gum improved soil properties via two pathways: (1) forming bridging structures between soil particles to enhance cohesion and tensile strength; (2) filling soil voids and generating a polymer film to inhibit water-clay mineral interactions, thereby reducing hydration membrane thickness. These findings offer both theoretical insights and practical guidelines for applying xanthan gum in ecological protection engineering of expansive soil slopes.
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publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
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series Frontiers in Materials
spelling doaj-art-6388e1bfe98f4a498cf225f80e4316db2025-08-20T02:31:03ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Materials2296-80162025-05-011210.3389/fmats.2025.15986011598601Influence of Xanthan gum on the engineering properties and microstructure of expansive soilsMiao Ouyang0Hongri Zhang1Hongri Zhang2Guiyao Wang3Youjun Li4Jianping Song5School of Civil Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, ChinaGuangxi Transportation Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd., Nanning, Guanxi, ChinaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, ChinaGuangxi Transportation Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd., Nanning, Guanxi, ChinaGuangxi Transportation Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd., Nanning, Guanxi, ChinaThe application of novel materials that enhance soil engineering properties while maintaining vegetation growth represents an innovative strategy for ecological protection engineering of expansive soil slopes. Laboratory tests, including wetting and drying cycle tests, direct shear tests, unconfined swelling ratio tests, and vegetation growth tests, were conducted to analyze the effects of xanthan gum on both engineering and vegetation-related properties of expansive soil. The feasibility of xanthan gum for soil improvement was systematically evaluated. The interaction mechanism between xanthan gum and expansive soil was elucidated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. Results demonstrated that xanthan gum effectively inhibited crack development and strength loss. With increasing xanthan gum content, the crack area ratio decreased logarithmically by up to 58.62%, while cohesion increased by 82.96%. The unconfined swelling ratio exhibited a linear reduction, with a maximum decrease of 43.58%. Notably, xanthan gum accelerated seed germination rate but did not significantly affect long-term vegetation growth. Mechanistically, xanthan gum improved soil properties via two pathways: (1) forming bridging structures between soil particles to enhance cohesion and tensile strength; (2) filling soil voids and generating a polymer film to inhibit water-clay mineral interactions, thereby reducing hydration membrane thickness. These findings offer both theoretical insights and practical guidelines for applying xanthan gum in ecological protection engineering of expansive soil slopes.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2025.1598601/fullexpansive soilXanthan gumwetting-drying cyclesmechanical propertiesmicrostructure
spellingShingle Miao Ouyang
Hongri Zhang
Hongri Zhang
Guiyao Wang
Youjun Li
Jianping Song
Influence of Xanthan gum on the engineering properties and microstructure of expansive soils
Frontiers in Materials
expansive soil
Xanthan gum
wetting-drying cycles
mechanical properties
microstructure
title Influence of Xanthan gum on the engineering properties and microstructure of expansive soils
title_full Influence of Xanthan gum on the engineering properties and microstructure of expansive soils
title_fullStr Influence of Xanthan gum on the engineering properties and microstructure of expansive soils
title_full_unstemmed Influence of Xanthan gum on the engineering properties and microstructure of expansive soils
title_short Influence of Xanthan gum on the engineering properties and microstructure of expansive soils
title_sort influence of xanthan gum on the engineering properties and microstructure of expansive soils
topic expansive soil
Xanthan gum
wetting-drying cycles
mechanical properties
microstructure
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2025.1598601/full
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AT hongrizhang influenceofxanthangumontheengineeringpropertiesandmicrostructureofexpansivesoils
AT guiyaowang influenceofxanthangumontheengineeringpropertiesandmicrostructureofexpansivesoils
AT youjunli influenceofxanthangumontheengineeringpropertiesandmicrostructureofexpansivesoils
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