Phenotypic, transcriptomic and metabolomic changes in Klebsiella pneumoniae after long term exposure to simulated microgravity

Abstract Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) has been detected on space stations. Microgravity is a key environmental factor in spaceflight, however, research on the phenotypic, genetic, and metabolic changes K. pneumoniae undergoes due to long-term exposure to microgravity is still limited. K. pn...

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Main Authors: Xia Wang, Zili Chai, Wenting Liu, Tianye Jia, Zilong Yang, Fengwei Zhang, Fuqiang Kang, Qiming Wang, Xianwei Ye, Hongguang Ren, Xiaodong Zai, Junjie Yue, Yuan Jin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:npj Microgravity
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41526-025-00489-6
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author Xia Wang
Zili Chai
Wenting Liu
Tianye Jia
Zilong Yang
Fengwei Zhang
Fuqiang Kang
Qiming Wang
Xianwei Ye
Hongguang Ren
Xiaodong Zai
Junjie Yue
Yuan Jin
author_facet Xia Wang
Zili Chai
Wenting Liu
Tianye Jia
Zilong Yang
Fengwei Zhang
Fuqiang Kang
Qiming Wang
Xianwei Ye
Hongguang Ren
Xiaodong Zai
Junjie Yue
Yuan Jin
author_sort Xia Wang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) has been detected on space stations. Microgravity is a key environmental factor in spaceflight, however, research on the phenotypic, genetic, and metabolic changes K. pneumoniae undergoes due to long-term exposure to microgravity is still limited. K. pneumoniae was cultured under normal gravity (NG) and simulated microgravity (SMG) for 56 days, showing phenotypic changes like slower growth, larger and rounder cell morphology, and increased biofilm formation in SMG. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that the DEGs were associated primarily with metabolic and growth pathways, including those involved in biofilm formation. Metabolomic analysis revealed changes in the activity of the phenylalanine metabolic pathway, which was the most significantly enriched pathway, due to the interaction between the mhp gene cluster and related DEMs. Co-expression network analysis revealed intricate relationships between DEGs and DEMs, notably in arginine and proline metabolism. This study provides insights into K. pneumoniae’s response mechanisms to microgravity.
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publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
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series npj Microgravity
spelling doaj-art-6382b286a3ae4a6a9c4de0366d4dc33f2025-08-20T03:03:38ZengNature Portfolionpj Microgravity2373-80652025-07-0111111210.1038/s41526-025-00489-6Phenotypic, transcriptomic and metabolomic changes in Klebsiella pneumoniae after long term exposure to simulated microgravityXia Wang0Zili Chai1Wenting Liu2Tianye Jia3Zilong Yang4Fengwei Zhang5Fuqiang Kang6Qiming Wang7Xianwei Ye8Hongguang Ren9Xiaodong Zai10Junjie Yue11Yuan Jin12Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of BiotechnologyLaboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of BiotechnologyLaboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of BiotechnologyBeijing Electric Power HospitalDepartment of Laboratory Medical Center, General Hospital of Northern Theater CommandLaboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of BiotechnologyLaboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of BiotechnologySchool of Life Sciences, Hebei UniversityGuizhou Provincial People’s HospitalLaboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of BiotechnologyLaboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of BiotechnologyLaboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of BiotechnologyLaboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of BiotechnologyAbstract Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) has been detected on space stations. Microgravity is a key environmental factor in spaceflight, however, research on the phenotypic, genetic, and metabolic changes K. pneumoniae undergoes due to long-term exposure to microgravity is still limited. K. pneumoniae was cultured under normal gravity (NG) and simulated microgravity (SMG) for 56 days, showing phenotypic changes like slower growth, larger and rounder cell morphology, and increased biofilm formation in SMG. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that the DEGs were associated primarily with metabolic and growth pathways, including those involved in biofilm formation. Metabolomic analysis revealed changes in the activity of the phenylalanine metabolic pathway, which was the most significantly enriched pathway, due to the interaction between the mhp gene cluster and related DEMs. Co-expression network analysis revealed intricate relationships between DEGs and DEMs, notably in arginine and proline metabolism. This study provides insights into K. pneumoniae’s response mechanisms to microgravity.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41526-025-00489-6
spellingShingle Xia Wang
Zili Chai
Wenting Liu
Tianye Jia
Zilong Yang
Fengwei Zhang
Fuqiang Kang
Qiming Wang
Xianwei Ye
Hongguang Ren
Xiaodong Zai
Junjie Yue
Yuan Jin
Phenotypic, transcriptomic and metabolomic changes in Klebsiella pneumoniae after long term exposure to simulated microgravity
npj Microgravity
title Phenotypic, transcriptomic and metabolomic changes in Klebsiella pneumoniae after long term exposure to simulated microgravity
title_full Phenotypic, transcriptomic and metabolomic changes in Klebsiella pneumoniae after long term exposure to simulated microgravity
title_fullStr Phenotypic, transcriptomic and metabolomic changes in Klebsiella pneumoniae after long term exposure to simulated microgravity
title_full_unstemmed Phenotypic, transcriptomic and metabolomic changes in Klebsiella pneumoniae after long term exposure to simulated microgravity
title_short Phenotypic, transcriptomic and metabolomic changes in Klebsiella pneumoniae after long term exposure to simulated microgravity
title_sort phenotypic transcriptomic and metabolomic changes in klebsiella pneumoniae after long term exposure to simulated microgravity
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41526-025-00489-6
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