The Efficacy of Pre-Emergence Herbicides Against Dominant Soybean Weeds in Northeast Thailand
Soybean production in Thailand faces significant challenges from malignant weed competition, potentially reducing yields by up to 37% and incurring annual economic losses of approximately USD 3.8 billion. Pre-emergence herbicides are critical for integrated weed management, but their efficacy varies...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-07-01
|
| Series: | Agronomy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/7/1725 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849304185693011968 |
|---|---|
| author | Ultra Rizqi Restu Pamungkas Sompong Chankaew Nakorn Jongrungklang Tidarat Monkham Santimaitree Gonkhamdee |
| author_facet | Ultra Rizqi Restu Pamungkas Sompong Chankaew Nakorn Jongrungklang Tidarat Monkham Santimaitree Gonkhamdee |
| author_sort | Ultra Rizqi Restu Pamungkas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Soybean production in Thailand faces significant challenges from malignant weed competition, potentially reducing yields by up to 37% and incurring annual economic losses of approximately USD 3.8 billion. Pre-emergence herbicides are critical for integrated weed management, but their efficacy varies depending on local conditions and soybean varieties. This study evaluates the performance of three pre-emergence herbicides, pendimethalin (1875 g a.i. ha<sup>−1</sup>), s-metolachlor (900 g a.i. ha<sup>−1</sup>), and flumioxazin (125 g a.i. ha<sup>−1</sup>), on weed control efficiency (WCE), soybean growth, phytotoxicity, and yield in Northeast Thailand using a randomised complete block design with two varieties (CM60 and Morkhor60) across rainy (2023) and dry (2024/2025) seasons. Herbicide performance varied seasonally: s-metolachlor showed optimal rainy season results (61.54% weed control efficiency at 63 days after herbicide application (DAA), with a yield of 1036 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>), while flumioxazin excelled in dry conditions (64.32% WCE, <4% phytotoxicity, and 1243 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> yield). Pendimethalin performed poorly under wet conditions but improved in drier weather. Among five dominant weed species, <i>Cyperus rotundus</i> proved the most resilient. CM60 demonstrated superior herbicide tolerance and yield stability, particularly under rainy conditions. These results emphasise that season-specific herbicide selection and variety matching are crucial for herbicide resistance management and effective weed control in Thailand’s rainfed soybean systems. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-637ba4c8d1a6462fbaaccd9570b099dc |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj-art-637ba4c8d1a6462fbaaccd9570b099dc2025-08-20T03:55:48ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952025-07-01157172510.3390/agronomy15071725The Efficacy of Pre-Emergence Herbicides Against Dominant Soybean Weeds in Northeast ThailandUltra Rizqi Restu Pamungkas0Sompong Chankaew1Nakorn Jongrungklang2Tidarat Monkham3Santimaitree Gonkhamdee4Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandDepartment of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandDepartment of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandDepartment of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandDepartment of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandSoybean production in Thailand faces significant challenges from malignant weed competition, potentially reducing yields by up to 37% and incurring annual economic losses of approximately USD 3.8 billion. Pre-emergence herbicides are critical for integrated weed management, but their efficacy varies depending on local conditions and soybean varieties. This study evaluates the performance of three pre-emergence herbicides, pendimethalin (1875 g a.i. ha<sup>−1</sup>), s-metolachlor (900 g a.i. ha<sup>−1</sup>), and flumioxazin (125 g a.i. ha<sup>−1</sup>), on weed control efficiency (WCE), soybean growth, phytotoxicity, and yield in Northeast Thailand using a randomised complete block design with two varieties (CM60 and Morkhor60) across rainy (2023) and dry (2024/2025) seasons. Herbicide performance varied seasonally: s-metolachlor showed optimal rainy season results (61.54% weed control efficiency at 63 days after herbicide application (DAA), with a yield of 1036 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>), while flumioxazin excelled in dry conditions (64.32% WCE, <4% phytotoxicity, and 1243 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> yield). Pendimethalin performed poorly under wet conditions but improved in drier weather. Among five dominant weed species, <i>Cyperus rotundus</i> proved the most resilient. CM60 demonstrated superior herbicide tolerance and yield stability, particularly under rainy conditions. These results emphasise that season-specific herbicide selection and variety matching are crucial for herbicide resistance management and effective weed control in Thailand’s rainfed soybean systems.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/7/1725weed managementweed speciessummed dominance ratiophytotoxicity |
| spellingShingle | Ultra Rizqi Restu Pamungkas Sompong Chankaew Nakorn Jongrungklang Tidarat Monkham Santimaitree Gonkhamdee The Efficacy of Pre-Emergence Herbicides Against Dominant Soybean Weeds in Northeast Thailand Agronomy weed management weed species summed dominance ratio phytotoxicity |
| title | The Efficacy of Pre-Emergence Herbicides Against Dominant Soybean Weeds in Northeast Thailand |
| title_full | The Efficacy of Pre-Emergence Herbicides Against Dominant Soybean Weeds in Northeast Thailand |
| title_fullStr | The Efficacy of Pre-Emergence Herbicides Against Dominant Soybean Weeds in Northeast Thailand |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Efficacy of Pre-Emergence Herbicides Against Dominant Soybean Weeds in Northeast Thailand |
| title_short | The Efficacy of Pre-Emergence Herbicides Against Dominant Soybean Weeds in Northeast Thailand |
| title_sort | efficacy of pre emergence herbicides against dominant soybean weeds in northeast thailand |
| topic | weed management weed species summed dominance ratio phytotoxicity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/7/1725 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ultrarizqirestupamungkas theefficacyofpreemergenceherbicidesagainstdominantsoybeanweedsinnortheastthailand AT sompongchankaew theefficacyofpreemergenceherbicidesagainstdominantsoybeanweedsinnortheastthailand AT nakornjongrungklang theefficacyofpreemergenceherbicidesagainstdominantsoybeanweedsinnortheastthailand AT tidaratmonkham theefficacyofpreemergenceherbicidesagainstdominantsoybeanweedsinnortheastthailand AT santimaitreegonkhamdee theefficacyofpreemergenceherbicidesagainstdominantsoybeanweedsinnortheastthailand AT ultrarizqirestupamungkas efficacyofpreemergenceherbicidesagainstdominantsoybeanweedsinnortheastthailand AT sompongchankaew efficacyofpreemergenceherbicidesagainstdominantsoybeanweedsinnortheastthailand AT nakornjongrungklang efficacyofpreemergenceherbicidesagainstdominantsoybeanweedsinnortheastthailand AT tidaratmonkham efficacyofpreemergenceherbicidesagainstdominantsoybeanweedsinnortheastthailand AT santimaitreegonkhamdee efficacyofpreemergenceherbicidesagainstdominantsoybeanweedsinnortheastthailand |