Intron turnover of slc26a1 and slc26a2 and convergence of intron insertion sites
Abstract Intron gain and loss are rare events in vertebrates; however, comparative genome analysis of elephant sharks, tetrapods, and teleosts revealed a higher level of intron turnover in teleosts. slc26a1 and slc26a2 are members of the anion-exchanger gene family. Human, zebrafish, and Japanese pu...
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2025-08-01
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| author | Kota Torii Chihiro Ota Ayumi Nagashima Masaki Kajikawa Akira Kato |
| author_facet | Kota Torii Chihiro Ota Ayumi Nagashima Masaki Kajikawa Akira Kato |
| author_sort | Kota Torii |
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| description | Abstract Intron gain and loss are rare events in vertebrates; however, comparative genome analysis of elephant sharks, tetrapods, and teleosts revealed a higher level of intron turnover in teleosts. slc26a1 and slc26a2 are members of the anion-exchanger gene family. Human, zebrafish, and Japanese pufferfish slc26a1 consist of two, two, and seven exons, respectively, and slc26a2, two, three, and four exons, respectively. To better understand intron turnover in teleosts, we analyzed the exon–intron organization of slc26a1 and slc26a2 in 81 vertebrates, including 62 ray-finned fish. In most Eurypterygii, which comprise the majority of the Neoteleostei and include Acanthomorpha, Aulopiformes, and Myctophiformes, slc26a1 and slc26a2 have seven and four exons, respectively, whereas those of most other ray-finned fishes consist of two and three exons, respectively, suggesting that intron gain occurred in both slc26a1 and slc26a2 of the Eurypterygii ancestor. In addition, notothenioid slc26a2 has six exons, suggesting that two introns were inserted into the notothenioid ancestor. The two newly acquired introns in the notothenioid consist of transposon-like sequences, suggesting that they were generated via transposon insertion. The positions of some of the newly acquired introns of slc26a1 and slc26a2 in Eurypterygii are identical or very close to those of other slc26 members. These results demonstrate the lineage-specific intron gains of slc26a1 and slc26a2 in ray-finned fish and convergence at the insertion sites of some of the newly acquired introns. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-63786d3ac0e44396bab10d7fff4043d9 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| spelling | doaj-art-63786d3ac0e44396bab10d7fff4043d92025-08-20T03:46:58ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-0115111710.1038/s41598-025-15147-wIntron turnover of slc26a1 and slc26a2 and convergence of intron insertion sitesKota Torii0Chihiro Ota1Ayumi Nagashima2Masaki Kajikawa3Akira Kato4School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of TechnologySchool of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of TechnologySchool of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of TechnologySchool of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of TechnologySchool of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyAbstract Intron gain and loss are rare events in vertebrates; however, comparative genome analysis of elephant sharks, tetrapods, and teleosts revealed a higher level of intron turnover in teleosts. slc26a1 and slc26a2 are members of the anion-exchanger gene family. Human, zebrafish, and Japanese pufferfish slc26a1 consist of two, two, and seven exons, respectively, and slc26a2, two, three, and four exons, respectively. To better understand intron turnover in teleosts, we analyzed the exon–intron organization of slc26a1 and slc26a2 in 81 vertebrates, including 62 ray-finned fish. In most Eurypterygii, which comprise the majority of the Neoteleostei and include Acanthomorpha, Aulopiformes, and Myctophiformes, slc26a1 and slc26a2 have seven and four exons, respectively, whereas those of most other ray-finned fishes consist of two and three exons, respectively, suggesting that intron gain occurred in both slc26a1 and slc26a2 of the Eurypterygii ancestor. In addition, notothenioid slc26a2 has six exons, suggesting that two introns were inserted into the notothenioid ancestor. The two newly acquired introns in the notothenioid consist of transposon-like sequences, suggesting that they were generated via transposon insertion. The positions of some of the newly acquired introns of slc26a1 and slc26a2 in Eurypterygii are identical or very close to those of other slc26 members. These results demonstrate the lineage-specific intron gains of slc26a1 and slc26a2 in ray-finned fish and convergence at the insertion sites of some of the newly acquired introns.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-15147-wIntron turnoverIntron gainRay-finned fishConvergent evolutionTransposable element |
| spellingShingle | Kota Torii Chihiro Ota Ayumi Nagashima Masaki Kajikawa Akira Kato Intron turnover of slc26a1 and slc26a2 and convergence of intron insertion sites Scientific Reports Intron turnover Intron gain Ray-finned fish Convergent evolution Transposable element |
| title | Intron turnover of slc26a1 and slc26a2 and convergence of intron insertion sites |
| title_full | Intron turnover of slc26a1 and slc26a2 and convergence of intron insertion sites |
| title_fullStr | Intron turnover of slc26a1 and slc26a2 and convergence of intron insertion sites |
| title_full_unstemmed | Intron turnover of slc26a1 and slc26a2 and convergence of intron insertion sites |
| title_short | Intron turnover of slc26a1 and slc26a2 and convergence of intron insertion sites |
| title_sort | intron turnover of slc26a1 and slc26a2 and convergence of intron insertion sites |
| topic | Intron turnover Intron gain Ray-finned fish Convergent evolution Transposable element |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-15147-w |
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