Dual S-100-AE1/3 Immunohistochemistry to Detect Perineural Invasion in Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers

Background. Perineural invasion (PNI) is an adverse prognostic histologic finding and increases the risk of local recurrence and metastasis. Objective. We aimed to determine if dual immunohistochemical (IHC) staining with S-100 and AE1/3 would increase the detection of PNI on nonmelanoma skin cancer...

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Main Authors: Alma C. Berlingeri-Ramos, Claire J. Detweiler, Richard F. Wagner, Brent C. Kelly
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2015-01-01
Series:Journal of Skin Cancer
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/620235
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author Alma C. Berlingeri-Ramos
Claire J. Detweiler
Richard F. Wagner
Brent C. Kelly
author_facet Alma C. Berlingeri-Ramos
Claire J. Detweiler
Richard F. Wagner
Brent C. Kelly
author_sort Alma C. Berlingeri-Ramos
collection DOAJ
description Background. Perineural invasion (PNI) is an adverse prognostic histologic finding and increases the risk of local recurrence and metastasis. Objective. We aimed to determine if dual immunohistochemical (IHC) staining with S-100 and AE1/3 would increase the detection of PNI on nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs). Methods. We collected 45 specimens of NMSCs in which there was clinical suspicion for PNI. Two dermatopathologists independently reviewed the tumors for the unequivocal presence of PNI. Results. Unequivocal PNI was present on 10 of the 45 tumors by H&E staining and on 15 of the 45 tumors by IHC staining. Large nerves (>0.1 mm) were involved in 3 of 10 H&E-stained cases and 3 of 15 IHC-stained cases, with 2 of the 4 cases demonstrating large nerve involvement with both staining methods. Of the 8 cases of PNI detected only on IHC, 7 were small nerves (≤0.1 mm). Limitations. All cases were selected because they were clinically suspicious for PNI, and this may be considered selection bias. Conclusions. PNI detection may be increased using dual S-100 and AE1/3 staining, but the majority of additional cases detected were small nerves. The clinical significance, given the small size of the involved nerves, is unclear.
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series Journal of Skin Cancer
spelling doaj-art-637136ea8edf4fe5842e19da99c331b62025-08-20T03:34:29ZengWileyJournal of Skin Cancer2090-29052090-29132015-01-01201510.1155/2015/620235620235Dual S-100-AE1/3 Immunohistochemistry to Detect Perineural Invasion in Nonmelanoma Skin CancersAlma C. Berlingeri-Ramos0Claire J. Detweiler1Richard F. Wagner2Brent C. Kelly3Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Drive, Galveston, TX 77555-5302, USADepartment of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USADepartment of Dermatology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Drive, Galveston, TX 77555-5302, USADepartment of Dermatology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Drive, Galveston, TX 77555-5302, USABackground. Perineural invasion (PNI) is an adverse prognostic histologic finding and increases the risk of local recurrence and metastasis. Objective. We aimed to determine if dual immunohistochemical (IHC) staining with S-100 and AE1/3 would increase the detection of PNI on nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs). Methods. We collected 45 specimens of NMSCs in which there was clinical suspicion for PNI. Two dermatopathologists independently reviewed the tumors for the unequivocal presence of PNI. Results. Unequivocal PNI was present on 10 of the 45 tumors by H&E staining and on 15 of the 45 tumors by IHC staining. Large nerves (>0.1 mm) were involved in 3 of 10 H&E-stained cases and 3 of 15 IHC-stained cases, with 2 of the 4 cases demonstrating large nerve involvement with both staining methods. Of the 8 cases of PNI detected only on IHC, 7 were small nerves (≤0.1 mm). Limitations. All cases were selected because they were clinically suspicious for PNI, and this may be considered selection bias. Conclusions. PNI detection may be increased using dual S-100 and AE1/3 staining, but the majority of additional cases detected were small nerves. The clinical significance, given the small size of the involved nerves, is unclear.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/620235
spellingShingle Alma C. Berlingeri-Ramos
Claire J. Detweiler
Richard F. Wagner
Brent C. Kelly
Dual S-100-AE1/3 Immunohistochemistry to Detect Perineural Invasion in Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers
Journal of Skin Cancer
title Dual S-100-AE1/3 Immunohistochemistry to Detect Perineural Invasion in Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers
title_full Dual S-100-AE1/3 Immunohistochemistry to Detect Perineural Invasion in Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers
title_fullStr Dual S-100-AE1/3 Immunohistochemistry to Detect Perineural Invasion in Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers
title_full_unstemmed Dual S-100-AE1/3 Immunohistochemistry to Detect Perineural Invasion in Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers
title_short Dual S-100-AE1/3 Immunohistochemistry to Detect Perineural Invasion in Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers
title_sort dual s 100 ae1 3 immunohistochemistry to detect perineural invasion in nonmelanoma skin cancers
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/620235
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AT clairejdetweiler duals100ae13immunohistochemistrytodetectperineuralinvasioninnonmelanomaskincancers
AT richardfwagner duals100ae13immunohistochemistrytodetectperineuralinvasioninnonmelanomaskincancers
AT brentckelly duals100ae13immunohistochemistrytodetectperineuralinvasioninnonmelanomaskincancers