Efficacy of a gelatin-based hemostatic sponge and hydroxyapatite-chitosan nanocomposites (nHAp/CS) on regeneration of radial bone defects in rabbits

Background: Bone-graft substitutes are a frequently employed method for the clinical reconstruction of osseous bone defects, and research on synthetic biomaterials is currently ongoing. Absorbable hemostatic gelatin sponge and hydroxyapatite-chitosan nanocomposites (nHAp/CS) have gained popularity...

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Main Authors: Taher Naser Elmeshreghi, Fathy D. El-Seddawy, Mohamed Gomaa, Shimaa A. Ezzeldein, Mustafa Abd El Raouf
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Tripoli University 2025-01-01
Series:Open Veterinary Journal
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Online Access:http://www.ejmanager.com/fulltextpdf.php?mno=218544
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Summary:Background: Bone-graft substitutes are a frequently employed method for the clinical reconstruction of osseous bone defects, and research on synthetic biomaterials is currently ongoing. Absorbable hemostatic gelatin sponge and hydroxyapatite-chitosan nanocomposites (nHAp/CS) have gained popularity in recent years because of their inherent characteristics: osteogenesis, osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 1) a gelatin-based hemostatic sponge (Surgispon) and 2) a combination of a weight ratio of 75/25 nHAp/CS composite with a Surgispon for osteogenic potential in the treatment of full-thickness segmental osseous defects in the radius of rabbits. Methods: The 18 New Zealand rabbits had 10-mm-induced segmental diaphyseal defects of the left limb radius and were randomly allocated into three groups: group I left the defects untreated (control group); group II used a Surgispon; and group III had a weight ratio of 75/25 nHAp/CS composite wrapped with a Surgispon. Quantitative evaluation of the bone repair at the defect site in each group (n = 6), radiographic, gross, computed tomography (CT), and histopathological examinations were performed at 6 weeks (n = 3) and 12 weeks (n = 3) postoperatively. Results: The quantitative statistical analysis of various evaluation methods at 6 weeks post-implantation demonstrated that there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (P > 0.05). The statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) between group II and group I while group III and group I, were evident 12 weeks post-operatively. Conclusion: The findings of the radiographic, macroscopic, CT, and histopathological analyses firmly demonstrate that the combination of a 75/25 weight ratio composite of nHAp/CS with Surgispon is more effective than Surgispon alone in its ability to significantly increase bone formation. This could provide a prospective option for treating segmental bone defects. [Open Vet J 2025; 15(1.000): 198-210]
ISSN:2226-4485
2218-6050