Integrating quantitative traits and growth hormone gene polymorphism in Indonesian crossbred chickens for genetic improvement and marker-assisted selection

Background and Aim: Local Indonesian chickens possess valuable dual-purpose traits for both meat and egg production, but exhibit lower productivity compared to commercial breeds. Genetic enhancement through selective crossbreeding and molecular marker analysis, such as growth hormone (GH) gene polym...

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Main Authors: Depison Depison, Gushairiyanto Gushairiyanto, Ratna Sholatia Harahap, Raden Abdul Muthalib, Abdul Azis, Yun Alwi, Sarwo Edy Wibowo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Veterinary World 2025-08-01
Series:Veterinary World
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Online Access:https://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.18/August-2025/2.pdf
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author Depison Depison
Gushairiyanto Gushairiyanto
Ratna Sholatia Harahap
Raden Abdul Muthalib
Abdul Azis
Yun Alwi
Sarwo Edy Wibowo
author_facet Depison Depison
Gushairiyanto Gushairiyanto
Ratna Sholatia Harahap
Raden Abdul Muthalib
Abdul Azis
Yun Alwi
Sarwo Edy Wibowo
author_sort Depison Depison
collection DOAJ
description Background and Aim: Local Indonesian chickens possess valuable dual-purpose traits for both meat and egg production, but exhibit lower productivity compared to commercial breeds. Genetic enhancement through selective crossbreeding and molecular marker analysis, such as growth hormone (GH) gene polymorphism, offers a strategy to improve performance traits. This study aimed to characterize quantitative traits and analyze GH gene polymorphism in crossbred chickens resulting from mating Arab chickens with five indigenous breeds. Materials and Methods: Five local breeds, Kampung Super, Sentul, Bangkok, Kampung, and Merawang, were each crossed with Arabian chickens using a 1:7 male-to-female ratio. Phenotypic evaluations included body weight (BW), weight gain, and 18 morphometric traits measured at various ages. Egg traits were monitored for 4 weeks. GH gene polymorphism was identified in 500 crossbred individuals using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) with the AluI enzyme restriction. Data were analyzed through a one-way analysis of variance and General Linear Models to determine phenotypic and genotypic associations. Results: Significant differences (p < 0.05) in BW, BW gain, morphometric size, and egg traits were observed among parental and crossbred groups. Kampung Super × Arab chickens showed the highest performance across growth and reproductive metrics. The highest weight gain occurred between 2 and 3 months of age. Back height emerged as a key morphometric indicator of growth differences. PCR-RFLP revealed GH gene polymorphism with three genotypes: (+/+), (+/−), and (−/−). The (+/+) genotype had a significant (p < 0.05) positive impact on BW, weight gain, and back height. All populations were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, and polymorphic information content values (~0.437) indicated moderate genetic diversity. Conclusion: This study is the first comprehensive integration of morphometric, phenotypic, and GH genotypic data in Indonesian crossbred chickens. The findings support the implementation of marker-assisted selection to enhance growth traits in breeding programs. Future work should assess multi-generational effects and integrate additional molecular markers to optimize breeding strategies across tropical poultry systems.
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spelling doaj-art-633427ea8bb64fa6a583a4ffe53bf4642025-08-20T04:00:44ZengVeterinary WorldVeterinary World0972-89882231-09162025-08-011882169218010.14202/vetworld.2025.2169-2180Integrating quantitative traits and growth hormone gene polymorphism in Indonesian crossbred chickens for genetic improvement and marker-assisted selectionDepison Depison0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8344-6822Gushairiyanto Gushairiyanto1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9991-3736Ratna Sholatia Harahap2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3487-6521Raden Abdul Muthalib3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3457-522XAbdul Azis4Yun Alwi5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2431-7542Sarwo Edy Wibowo6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0082-7799Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Jambi, Jambi, 36361, Indonesia.Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Jambi, Jambi, 36361, Indonesia.Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Jambi, Jambi, 36361, Indonesia.Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Jambi, Jambi, 36361, Indonesia.Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Jambi, Jambi, 36361, Indonesia.Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Jambi, Jambi, 36361, Indonesia.Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Jambi, Jambi, 36361, Indonesia.Background and Aim: Local Indonesian chickens possess valuable dual-purpose traits for both meat and egg production, but exhibit lower productivity compared to commercial breeds. Genetic enhancement through selective crossbreeding and molecular marker analysis, such as growth hormone (GH) gene polymorphism, offers a strategy to improve performance traits. This study aimed to characterize quantitative traits and analyze GH gene polymorphism in crossbred chickens resulting from mating Arab chickens with five indigenous breeds. Materials and Methods: Five local breeds, Kampung Super, Sentul, Bangkok, Kampung, and Merawang, were each crossed with Arabian chickens using a 1:7 male-to-female ratio. Phenotypic evaluations included body weight (BW), weight gain, and 18 morphometric traits measured at various ages. Egg traits were monitored for 4 weeks. GH gene polymorphism was identified in 500 crossbred individuals using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) with the AluI enzyme restriction. Data were analyzed through a one-way analysis of variance and General Linear Models to determine phenotypic and genotypic associations. Results: Significant differences (p < 0.05) in BW, BW gain, morphometric size, and egg traits were observed among parental and crossbred groups. Kampung Super × Arab chickens showed the highest performance across growth and reproductive metrics. The highest weight gain occurred between 2 and 3 months of age. Back height emerged as a key morphometric indicator of growth differences. PCR-RFLP revealed GH gene polymorphism with three genotypes: (+/+), (+/−), and (−/−). The (+/+) genotype had a significant (p < 0.05) positive impact on BW, weight gain, and back height. All populations were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, and polymorphic information content values (~0.437) indicated moderate genetic diversity. Conclusion: This study is the first comprehensive integration of morphometric, phenotypic, and GH genotypic data in Indonesian crossbred chickens. The findings support the implementation of marker-assisted selection to enhance growth traits in breeding programs. Future work should assess multi-generational effects and integrate additional molecular markers to optimize breeding strategies across tropical poultry systems.https://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.18/August-2025/2.pdfchickencrossbreedegg characteristicgenetic selectiongrowth hormone genegrowth performancemorphometry
spellingShingle Depison Depison
Gushairiyanto Gushairiyanto
Ratna Sholatia Harahap
Raden Abdul Muthalib
Abdul Azis
Yun Alwi
Sarwo Edy Wibowo
Integrating quantitative traits and growth hormone gene polymorphism in Indonesian crossbred chickens for genetic improvement and marker-assisted selection
Veterinary World
chicken
crossbreed
egg characteristic
genetic selection
growth hormone gene
growth performance
morphometry
title Integrating quantitative traits and growth hormone gene polymorphism in Indonesian crossbred chickens for genetic improvement and marker-assisted selection
title_full Integrating quantitative traits and growth hormone gene polymorphism in Indonesian crossbred chickens for genetic improvement and marker-assisted selection
title_fullStr Integrating quantitative traits and growth hormone gene polymorphism in Indonesian crossbred chickens for genetic improvement and marker-assisted selection
title_full_unstemmed Integrating quantitative traits and growth hormone gene polymorphism in Indonesian crossbred chickens for genetic improvement and marker-assisted selection
title_short Integrating quantitative traits and growth hormone gene polymorphism in Indonesian crossbred chickens for genetic improvement and marker-assisted selection
title_sort integrating quantitative traits and growth hormone gene polymorphism in indonesian crossbred chickens for genetic improvement and marker assisted selection
topic chicken
crossbreed
egg characteristic
genetic selection
growth hormone gene
growth performance
morphometry
url https://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.18/August-2025/2.pdf
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