Refractory Lactic Acidosis in Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung

Background. Elevated lactate levels in critically ill patients are most often thought to be indicative of relative tissue hypoxia or type A lactic acidosis. Shock, severe anemia, and thromboembolic events can all cause elevated lactate due to tissue hypoperfusion, as well as the mitochondrial dysfun...

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Main Authors: Daniel J. Oh, Ellen Dinerman, Andrew H. Matthews, Abraham W. Aron, Katherine M. Berg
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2017-01-01
Series:Case Reports in Critical Care
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6148350
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author Daniel J. Oh
Ellen Dinerman
Andrew H. Matthews
Abraham W. Aron
Katherine M. Berg
author_facet Daniel J. Oh
Ellen Dinerman
Andrew H. Matthews
Abraham W. Aron
Katherine M. Berg
author_sort Daniel J. Oh
collection DOAJ
description Background. Elevated lactate levels in critically ill patients are most often thought to be indicative of relative tissue hypoxia or type A lactic acidosis. Shock, severe anemia, and thromboembolic events can all cause elevated lactate due to tissue hypoperfusion, as well as the mitochondrial dysfunction thought to occur in sepsis and other critically ill states. Malignancy can also lead to elevation in lactate, a phenomenon described as type B lactic acidosis, which is much less commonly encountered in the critically ill. Case Presentation. We present the case of a 73-year-old Caucasian woman with type 2 diabetes and hypertension who presented with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, nonbloody diarrhea, and weight loss over five weeks and was found to have unexplained refractory lactic acidosis despite fluids and antibiotics. She was later diagnosed with small cell carcinoma of the lung. Conclusions. In this case report, we describe a critically ill patient whose elevated lactate was incorrectly attributed to her acute illness, when in truth it was an indicator of an underlying, as yet undiagnosed, malignancy. We believe this case is instructive to the critical care clinician as a reminder of the importance of considering malignancy on the differential diagnosis of a patient presenting with elevated lactate out of proportion to their critical illness.
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spelling doaj-art-632dfd61b9604679b4cc908b9db60e652025-08-20T03:34:29ZengWileyCase Reports in Critical Care2090-64202090-64392017-01-01201710.1155/2017/61483506148350Refractory Lactic Acidosis in Small Cell Carcinoma of the LungDaniel J. Oh0Ellen Dinerman1Andrew H. Matthews2Abraham W. Aron3Katherine M. Berg4Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USADepartment of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USADepartment of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USADepartment of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USADepartment of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USABackground. Elevated lactate levels in critically ill patients are most often thought to be indicative of relative tissue hypoxia or type A lactic acidosis. Shock, severe anemia, and thromboembolic events can all cause elevated lactate due to tissue hypoperfusion, as well as the mitochondrial dysfunction thought to occur in sepsis and other critically ill states. Malignancy can also lead to elevation in lactate, a phenomenon described as type B lactic acidosis, which is much less commonly encountered in the critically ill. Case Presentation. We present the case of a 73-year-old Caucasian woman with type 2 diabetes and hypertension who presented with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, nonbloody diarrhea, and weight loss over five weeks and was found to have unexplained refractory lactic acidosis despite fluids and antibiotics. She was later diagnosed with small cell carcinoma of the lung. Conclusions. In this case report, we describe a critically ill patient whose elevated lactate was incorrectly attributed to her acute illness, when in truth it was an indicator of an underlying, as yet undiagnosed, malignancy. We believe this case is instructive to the critical care clinician as a reminder of the importance of considering malignancy on the differential diagnosis of a patient presenting with elevated lactate out of proportion to their critical illness.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6148350
spellingShingle Daniel J. Oh
Ellen Dinerman
Andrew H. Matthews
Abraham W. Aron
Katherine M. Berg
Refractory Lactic Acidosis in Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung
Case Reports in Critical Care
title Refractory Lactic Acidosis in Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung
title_full Refractory Lactic Acidosis in Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung
title_fullStr Refractory Lactic Acidosis in Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung
title_full_unstemmed Refractory Lactic Acidosis in Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung
title_short Refractory Lactic Acidosis in Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung
title_sort refractory lactic acidosis in small cell carcinoma of the lung
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6148350
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AT abrahamwaron refractorylacticacidosisinsmallcellcarcinomaofthelung
AT katherinemberg refractorylacticacidosisinsmallcellcarcinomaofthelung