The Clinopathological and Prognostic Significance of <i>SPOCK1</i> in Gynecological Cancers: A Bioinformatics Based Analysis

<b>Background:</b> Sparc/osteonectin, cwcv, and kazal-like domains proteoglycan 1 (<i>SPOCK1</i>) is an oncogene that promotes tumor formation and progression in certain types of cancer and is associated with poor survival rates. However, there is limited information on the i...

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Main Authors: Enes Karaman, Fatih Yay, Durmus Ayan, Ergul Bayram, Sefa Erturk
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Biology
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/2/209
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author Enes Karaman
Fatih Yay
Durmus Ayan
Ergul Bayram
Sefa Erturk
author_facet Enes Karaman
Fatih Yay
Durmus Ayan
Ergul Bayram
Sefa Erturk
author_sort Enes Karaman
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background:</b> Sparc/osteonectin, cwcv, and kazal-like domains proteoglycan 1 (<i>SPOCK1</i>) is an oncogene that promotes tumor formation and progression in certain types of cancer and is associated with poor survival rates. However, there is limited information on the importance of <i>SPOCK1</i> in gynecological cancers in the literature. The aim of this study was to explore the role of <i>SPOCK1</i> in ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma (OV), cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma (CESC), and uterine corpus endometrial carcinomas (UCEC). <b>Methods</b>: The data used in this study were obtained from the GEPIA2, TCGA, Kaplan–Meier Plotter, GeneMANIA, UALCAN, cBioPortal, and TIMER databases. Overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) rates were evaluated by Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. Spearman’s rho and statistical significance values were obtained for the correlation between <i>SPOCK1</i> expression and tumor infiltration by different immune cells. <b>Results</b>: Lower <i>SPOCK1</i> gene expression was observed in CESC and UCEC compared to normal tissue (<i>p</i> < 0.05), but the OV did not differ significantly (<i>p</i> > 0.05). In OV, <i>SPOCK1</i> gene expression was solely linked to age; in CESC, it was linked to age, stage, weight, and histology; and in UCEC, it was linked to age, stage, weight, and menopausal status. <b>Conclusions:</b><i>SPOCK1</i> gene expression in UCEC showed weak positive correlations with CD8+ T cells and weak negative correlations with CD4+ T cells. <i>SPOCK1</i> may be a potential prognostic and therapeutic target for gynecological cancers.
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spelling doaj-art-632dbcfb4e134378bdbaf0bb69d160a42025-08-20T03:12:01ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372025-02-0114220910.3390/biology14020209The Clinopathological and Prognostic Significance of <i>SPOCK1</i> in Gynecological Cancers: A Bioinformatics Based AnalysisEnes Karaman0Fatih Yay1Durmus Ayan2Ergul Bayram3Sefa Erturk4Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, 51240 Nigde, TurkeyMedical Biochemistry, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University Research and Training Hospital, 51100 Nigde, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, 51240 Nigde, TurkeyMedical Biochemistry, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University Research and Training Hospital, 51100 Nigde, TurkeyDepartment of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, 51240 Nigde, Turkey<b>Background:</b> Sparc/osteonectin, cwcv, and kazal-like domains proteoglycan 1 (<i>SPOCK1</i>) is an oncogene that promotes tumor formation and progression in certain types of cancer and is associated with poor survival rates. However, there is limited information on the importance of <i>SPOCK1</i> in gynecological cancers in the literature. The aim of this study was to explore the role of <i>SPOCK1</i> in ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma (OV), cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma (CESC), and uterine corpus endometrial carcinomas (UCEC). <b>Methods</b>: The data used in this study were obtained from the GEPIA2, TCGA, Kaplan–Meier Plotter, GeneMANIA, UALCAN, cBioPortal, and TIMER databases. Overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) rates were evaluated by Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. Spearman’s rho and statistical significance values were obtained for the correlation between <i>SPOCK1</i> expression and tumor infiltration by different immune cells. <b>Results</b>: Lower <i>SPOCK1</i> gene expression was observed in CESC and UCEC compared to normal tissue (<i>p</i> < 0.05), but the OV did not differ significantly (<i>p</i> > 0.05). In OV, <i>SPOCK1</i> gene expression was solely linked to age; in CESC, it was linked to age, stage, weight, and histology; and in UCEC, it was linked to age, stage, weight, and menopausal status. <b>Conclusions:</b><i>SPOCK1</i> gene expression in UCEC showed weak positive correlations with CD8+ T cells and weak negative correlations with CD4+ T cells. <i>SPOCK1</i> may be a potential prognostic and therapeutic target for gynecological cancers.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/2/209bioinformatics analysis<i>SPOCK1</i>ovarian serous cystadenocarcinomacervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinomauterine corpus endometrial carcinomas
spellingShingle Enes Karaman
Fatih Yay
Durmus Ayan
Ergul Bayram
Sefa Erturk
The Clinopathological and Prognostic Significance of <i>SPOCK1</i> in Gynecological Cancers: A Bioinformatics Based Analysis
Biology
bioinformatics analysis
<i>SPOCK1</i>
ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma
cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma
uterine corpus endometrial carcinomas
title The Clinopathological and Prognostic Significance of <i>SPOCK1</i> in Gynecological Cancers: A Bioinformatics Based Analysis
title_full The Clinopathological and Prognostic Significance of <i>SPOCK1</i> in Gynecological Cancers: A Bioinformatics Based Analysis
title_fullStr The Clinopathological and Prognostic Significance of <i>SPOCK1</i> in Gynecological Cancers: A Bioinformatics Based Analysis
title_full_unstemmed The Clinopathological and Prognostic Significance of <i>SPOCK1</i> in Gynecological Cancers: A Bioinformatics Based Analysis
title_short The Clinopathological and Prognostic Significance of <i>SPOCK1</i> in Gynecological Cancers: A Bioinformatics Based Analysis
title_sort clinopathological and prognostic significance of i spock1 i in gynecological cancers a bioinformatics based analysis
topic bioinformatics analysis
<i>SPOCK1</i>
ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma
cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma
uterine corpus endometrial carcinomas
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/2/209
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