The Role of Steroidogenic Expression, Apoptotic, and Inflammatory Mediators in Polyphenol-Rich Extract of Ocimum gratissimum Mitigation of Cadmium-Induced Reprotoxicity in Male Rats

Cadmium, as a toxic heavy metal abounds in our habitat, and its impact on the testes contribute to the global decrease in the male fertility rate. Several natural compounds have been used to manage Cd-induced infertility successfully. Polyphenol-rich extract of Ocimum gratissimum is one plant whose...

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Main Authors: Ikokide Emmanuel Joseph, Jaja Ishmael Festus, Temitayo Olabisi Ajibade, Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi, Emmanuel Egwu Ewa, Mathew Olugbenga Oyeyemi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-01-01
Series:Veterinary Medicine International
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/vmi/9165137
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author Ikokide Emmanuel Joseph
Jaja Ishmael Festus
Temitayo Olabisi Ajibade
Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi
Emmanuel Egwu Ewa
Mathew Olugbenga Oyeyemi
author_facet Ikokide Emmanuel Joseph
Jaja Ishmael Festus
Temitayo Olabisi Ajibade
Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi
Emmanuel Egwu Ewa
Mathew Olugbenga Oyeyemi
author_sort Ikokide Emmanuel Joseph
collection DOAJ
description Cadmium, as a toxic heavy metal abounds in our habitat, and its impact on the testes contribute to the global decrease in the male fertility rate. Several natural compounds have been used to manage Cd-induced infertility successfully. Polyphenol-rich extract of Ocimum gratissimum is one plant whose potency has been reported in various studies. Nevertheless, no report has explored PREOG impairment of reprotoxicity induced by cadmium in male animals. This study, therefore, is designed to evaluate the effect of PREOG against cadmium reprotoxicity in adult male Wistar rats. 66 male rats were randomly assigned to 6 groups A to F (n = 11) per group, orally received the following treatment daily for 8 weeks: A (distilled water alone as control), B (3 mg/kg CdCL2), C (100 mg/kg PREOG), D (200 mg/kg PREOG), E (100 mg/kg PREOG + 3 mg/kg CdCL2), and F (200 mg/kg PREOG + 3 mg/kg CdCL2) at the end, six rats from each group were sacrificed, blood, semen, and testes were harvested for analysis, while the remaining males from each group were introduced to untreated female in a ratio of 2:1 for fertility study and result indicated; PREOG treatment enhances testicular weight, GSI and EPI, sperm quality and quantity, serum testosterone levels, and upregulate steroidogenic gene (3β-HSD, 17β-HSD, and StAR) expression. PREOG impaired testicular oxidative stress (enhance GST, SOD, and GPx value) and inflammation by decreasing testicular expression of COX-2 and TNF-α, and plasma IL-6 and TNF-α concentration. Also, PREOG impaired testicular apoptosis by decreasing caspase-3 protein distribution, protected histopathologic alteration of the testes, and finally enhanced reproductive outcome. The impairment of cadmium-induced reprotoxicity in male rats by PREOG treatment affirms its therapeutic and reproductive benefits.
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spelling doaj-art-632765fc61574b88beaf9235fbf360f42025-08-20T02:38:29ZengWileyVeterinary Medicine International2042-00482025-01-01202510.1155/vmi/9165137The Role of Steroidogenic Expression, Apoptotic, and Inflammatory Mediators in Polyphenol-Rich Extract of Ocimum gratissimum Mitigation of Cadmium-Induced Reprotoxicity in Male RatsIkokide Emmanuel Joseph0Jaja Ishmael Festus1Temitayo Olabisi Ajibade2Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi3Emmanuel Egwu Ewa4Mathew Olugbenga Oyeyemi5Department of TheriogenologyDepartment of Livestock and Pasture ScienceDepartment of Veterinary Physiology and BiochemistryDepartment of Veterinary Physiology and BiochemistryDepartment of Veterinary Physiology and PharmacologyDepartment of TheriogenologyCadmium, as a toxic heavy metal abounds in our habitat, and its impact on the testes contribute to the global decrease in the male fertility rate. Several natural compounds have been used to manage Cd-induced infertility successfully. Polyphenol-rich extract of Ocimum gratissimum is one plant whose potency has been reported in various studies. Nevertheless, no report has explored PREOG impairment of reprotoxicity induced by cadmium in male animals. This study, therefore, is designed to evaluate the effect of PREOG against cadmium reprotoxicity in adult male Wistar rats. 66 male rats were randomly assigned to 6 groups A to F (n = 11) per group, orally received the following treatment daily for 8 weeks: A (distilled water alone as control), B (3 mg/kg CdCL2), C (100 mg/kg PREOG), D (200 mg/kg PREOG), E (100 mg/kg PREOG + 3 mg/kg CdCL2), and F (200 mg/kg PREOG + 3 mg/kg CdCL2) at the end, six rats from each group were sacrificed, blood, semen, and testes were harvested for analysis, while the remaining males from each group were introduced to untreated female in a ratio of 2:1 for fertility study and result indicated; PREOG treatment enhances testicular weight, GSI and EPI, sperm quality and quantity, serum testosterone levels, and upregulate steroidogenic gene (3β-HSD, 17β-HSD, and StAR) expression. PREOG impaired testicular oxidative stress (enhance GST, SOD, and GPx value) and inflammation by decreasing testicular expression of COX-2 and TNF-α, and plasma IL-6 and TNF-α concentration. Also, PREOG impaired testicular apoptosis by decreasing caspase-3 protein distribution, protected histopathologic alteration of the testes, and finally enhanced reproductive outcome. The impairment of cadmium-induced reprotoxicity in male rats by PREOG treatment affirms its therapeutic and reproductive benefits.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/vmi/9165137
spellingShingle Ikokide Emmanuel Joseph
Jaja Ishmael Festus
Temitayo Olabisi Ajibade
Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi
Emmanuel Egwu Ewa
Mathew Olugbenga Oyeyemi
The Role of Steroidogenic Expression, Apoptotic, and Inflammatory Mediators in Polyphenol-Rich Extract of Ocimum gratissimum Mitigation of Cadmium-Induced Reprotoxicity in Male Rats
Veterinary Medicine International
title The Role of Steroidogenic Expression, Apoptotic, and Inflammatory Mediators in Polyphenol-Rich Extract of Ocimum gratissimum Mitigation of Cadmium-Induced Reprotoxicity in Male Rats
title_full The Role of Steroidogenic Expression, Apoptotic, and Inflammatory Mediators in Polyphenol-Rich Extract of Ocimum gratissimum Mitigation of Cadmium-Induced Reprotoxicity in Male Rats
title_fullStr The Role of Steroidogenic Expression, Apoptotic, and Inflammatory Mediators in Polyphenol-Rich Extract of Ocimum gratissimum Mitigation of Cadmium-Induced Reprotoxicity in Male Rats
title_full_unstemmed The Role of Steroidogenic Expression, Apoptotic, and Inflammatory Mediators in Polyphenol-Rich Extract of Ocimum gratissimum Mitigation of Cadmium-Induced Reprotoxicity in Male Rats
title_short The Role of Steroidogenic Expression, Apoptotic, and Inflammatory Mediators in Polyphenol-Rich Extract of Ocimum gratissimum Mitigation of Cadmium-Induced Reprotoxicity in Male Rats
title_sort role of steroidogenic expression apoptotic and inflammatory mediators in polyphenol rich extract of ocimum gratissimum mitigation of cadmium induced reprotoxicity in male rats
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/vmi/9165137
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