Effects of Nutrient Deficiency on Crop Yield and Soil Nutrients Under Winter Wheat–Summer Maize Rotation System in the North China Plain
The wheat–maize rotation system in the North China Plain (NCP) has a large amount of crop straw. However, improper crop straw management and blind fertilization lead to nutrient imbalance and accelerated nutrient loss from the soil, ultimately leading to nutrient deficiency affecting the wheat–maize...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-11-01
|
| Series: | Agronomy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/11/2690 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850217656287756288 |
|---|---|
| author | Zheng Sun Rulan Yang Jie Wang Peng Zhou Yu Gong Fei Gao Chuangyun Wang |
| author_facet | Zheng Sun Rulan Yang Jie Wang Peng Zhou Yu Gong Fei Gao Chuangyun Wang |
| author_sort | Zheng Sun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The wheat–maize rotation system in the North China Plain (NCP) has a large amount of crop straw. However, improper crop straw management and blind fertilization lead to nutrient imbalance and accelerated nutrient loss from the soil, ultimately leading to nutrient deficiency affecting the wheat–maize rotation system. In order to explore the effects of nutrient deficiency on the yield and nutrient use efficiency of wheat and maize, the experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design consisting of five treatments with three replicates for each treatment: (1) a potassium fertilizer deficiency and appropriate nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer treatment (NP); (2) a phosphate fertilizer deficiency and appropriate nitrogen and potassium fertilizer treatment (NK); (3) a nitrogen fertilizer deficiency and appropriate phosphate and potassium fertilizer treatment (PK); (4) an adequate nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer treatment (NPK); and (5) a no-fertilizer treatment (CK). The results showed that, compared with CK, the yields of wheat and maize treated with NPK were increased by 21.5% and 27.5%, respectively, and the accumulation of the dry matter of the wheat and maize was increased by 42.5% and 57.3%. In all the deficiency treatments, the NK treatment performed better in terms of yield compared to the NP and PK treatments, while the NP treatment demonstrated a greater increase in dry matter accumulation. The NPK treatment significantly improved the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and nitrogen harvest index (NHI) of the wheat and maize, which resulted in higher nitrogen accumulation in the NPK treatment, and the NP treatment was the best among the other nutrient deficiency treatments. The inorganic nitrogen content showed a similar trend. In conclusion, nutrient deficiency can severely restrict crop growth. Nitrogen deficiency can significantly reduce crop yields. Phosphorus deficiency had a greater impact than potassium deficiency in terms of nutrient absorption and accumulation. Therefore, nitrogen fertilizer application should be emphasized in crop rotation systems, with moderate increases in phosphorus fertilizer application. This practice can effectively improve the nutrient deficiency under the wheat and maize rotation system in the NCP and complete a rational fertilization system. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-63033512ba3f40f7a5cc31e26bd7dcf1 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj-art-63033512ba3f40f7a5cc31e26bd7dcf12025-08-20T02:08:00ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952024-11-011411269010.3390/agronomy14112690Effects of Nutrient Deficiency on Crop Yield and Soil Nutrients Under Winter Wheat–Summer Maize Rotation System in the North China PlainZheng Sun0Rulan Yang1Jie Wang2Peng Zhou3Yu Gong4Fei Gao5Chuangyun Wang6College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, ChinaThe wheat–maize rotation system in the North China Plain (NCP) has a large amount of crop straw. However, improper crop straw management and blind fertilization lead to nutrient imbalance and accelerated nutrient loss from the soil, ultimately leading to nutrient deficiency affecting the wheat–maize rotation system. In order to explore the effects of nutrient deficiency on the yield and nutrient use efficiency of wheat and maize, the experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design consisting of five treatments with three replicates for each treatment: (1) a potassium fertilizer deficiency and appropriate nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer treatment (NP); (2) a phosphate fertilizer deficiency and appropriate nitrogen and potassium fertilizer treatment (NK); (3) a nitrogen fertilizer deficiency and appropriate phosphate and potassium fertilizer treatment (PK); (4) an adequate nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer treatment (NPK); and (5) a no-fertilizer treatment (CK). The results showed that, compared with CK, the yields of wheat and maize treated with NPK were increased by 21.5% and 27.5%, respectively, and the accumulation of the dry matter of the wheat and maize was increased by 42.5% and 57.3%. In all the deficiency treatments, the NK treatment performed better in terms of yield compared to the NP and PK treatments, while the NP treatment demonstrated a greater increase in dry matter accumulation. The NPK treatment significantly improved the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and nitrogen harvest index (NHI) of the wheat and maize, which resulted in higher nitrogen accumulation in the NPK treatment, and the NP treatment was the best among the other nutrient deficiency treatments. The inorganic nitrogen content showed a similar trend. In conclusion, nutrient deficiency can severely restrict crop growth. Nitrogen deficiency can significantly reduce crop yields. Phosphorus deficiency had a greater impact than potassium deficiency in terms of nutrient absorption and accumulation. Therefore, nitrogen fertilizer application should be emphasized in crop rotation systems, with moderate increases in phosphorus fertilizer application. This practice can effectively improve the nutrient deficiency under the wheat and maize rotation system in the NCP and complete a rational fertilization system.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/11/2690crop yieldnutrient deficiencysoil nutrientsummer maizewinter wheat |
| spellingShingle | Zheng Sun Rulan Yang Jie Wang Peng Zhou Yu Gong Fei Gao Chuangyun Wang Effects of Nutrient Deficiency on Crop Yield and Soil Nutrients Under Winter Wheat–Summer Maize Rotation System in the North China Plain Agronomy crop yield nutrient deficiency soil nutrient summer maize winter wheat |
| title | Effects of Nutrient Deficiency on Crop Yield and Soil Nutrients Under Winter Wheat–Summer Maize Rotation System in the North China Plain |
| title_full | Effects of Nutrient Deficiency on Crop Yield and Soil Nutrients Under Winter Wheat–Summer Maize Rotation System in the North China Plain |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Nutrient Deficiency on Crop Yield and Soil Nutrients Under Winter Wheat–Summer Maize Rotation System in the North China Plain |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Nutrient Deficiency on Crop Yield and Soil Nutrients Under Winter Wheat–Summer Maize Rotation System in the North China Plain |
| title_short | Effects of Nutrient Deficiency on Crop Yield and Soil Nutrients Under Winter Wheat–Summer Maize Rotation System in the North China Plain |
| title_sort | effects of nutrient deficiency on crop yield and soil nutrients under winter wheat summer maize rotation system in the north china plain |
| topic | crop yield nutrient deficiency soil nutrient summer maize winter wheat |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/11/2690 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zhengsun effectsofnutrientdeficiencyoncropyieldandsoilnutrientsunderwinterwheatsummermaizerotationsysteminthenorthchinaplain AT rulanyang effectsofnutrientdeficiencyoncropyieldandsoilnutrientsunderwinterwheatsummermaizerotationsysteminthenorthchinaplain AT jiewang effectsofnutrientdeficiencyoncropyieldandsoilnutrientsunderwinterwheatsummermaizerotationsysteminthenorthchinaplain AT pengzhou effectsofnutrientdeficiencyoncropyieldandsoilnutrientsunderwinterwheatsummermaizerotationsysteminthenorthchinaplain AT yugong effectsofnutrientdeficiencyoncropyieldandsoilnutrientsunderwinterwheatsummermaizerotationsysteminthenorthchinaplain AT feigao effectsofnutrientdeficiencyoncropyieldandsoilnutrientsunderwinterwheatsummermaizerotationsysteminthenorthchinaplain AT chuangyunwang effectsofnutrientdeficiencyoncropyieldandsoilnutrientsunderwinterwheatsummermaizerotationsysteminthenorthchinaplain |