Designing a terahertz optical sensor based on helically twisted photonic crystal fiber for toxic gas sensing
Abstract A novel helically twisted photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is designed and proposed for sensing toxic gases with refractive indices ranging from 1.00 to 1.08. The PCF consists of twelve hollow pipes arranged circularly around the hollow core to support THz radiation propagation. Low-loss polyme...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-82704-0 |
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| author | Vahid Sharif Hana Saberi Hassan Pakarzadeh |
| author_facet | Vahid Sharif Hana Saberi Hassan Pakarzadeh |
| author_sort | Vahid Sharif |
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| description | Abstract A novel helically twisted photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is designed and proposed for sensing toxic gases with refractive indices ranging from 1.00 to 1.08. The PCF consists of twelve hollow pipes arranged circularly around the hollow core to support THz radiation propagation. Low-loss polymer Topas is used as the background material of cladding. The fiber is twisted 360° over 50 cm to enhance anti-resonance in the THz region. The fundamental LP01 mode is analyzed using the finite-difference eigenmode (FDE) method. The sensor operates across four frequency bands (0.2 to 3.0 THz) with minimal transmission loss (~ 10⁻⁴ 1/cm). Key parameters such as refractive index sensitivity, relative sensitivity, resolution, and figure of merit (FOM) are evaluated. The average refractive index sensitivities are 1450, 2250, 3000, and 2550 for Bands 1 to 4, respectively, with 100% relative sensitivity across all bands. The sensor detects refractive index changes as small as 10⁻⁴. The FOM, defined as the inverse of the full width at half maximum, exceeds 30 1/RIU, reaching up to 250 1/RIU due to sharp resonance peaks. Compared to other THz sensors, this design offers enhanced performance in sensing gases like SOx, NOx, and CO, while maintaining a simple structure. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-62ff33e6c19743b2804220a36c50a0db |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-62ff33e6c19743b2804220a36c50a0db2025-01-19T12:18:46ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-01-0115111210.1038/s41598-024-82704-0Designing a terahertz optical sensor based on helically twisted photonic crystal fiber for toxic gas sensingVahid Sharif0Hana Saberi1Hassan Pakarzadeh2Department of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Engineering, Public University of Navarra, Universidad Pública de Navarra)Department of Physics, Shiraz university of technologyDepartment of Physics, Shiraz university of technologyAbstract A novel helically twisted photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is designed and proposed for sensing toxic gases with refractive indices ranging from 1.00 to 1.08. The PCF consists of twelve hollow pipes arranged circularly around the hollow core to support THz radiation propagation. Low-loss polymer Topas is used as the background material of cladding. The fiber is twisted 360° over 50 cm to enhance anti-resonance in the THz region. The fundamental LP01 mode is analyzed using the finite-difference eigenmode (FDE) method. The sensor operates across four frequency bands (0.2 to 3.0 THz) with minimal transmission loss (~ 10⁻⁴ 1/cm). Key parameters such as refractive index sensitivity, relative sensitivity, resolution, and figure of merit (FOM) are evaluated. The average refractive index sensitivities are 1450, 2250, 3000, and 2550 for Bands 1 to 4, respectively, with 100% relative sensitivity across all bands. The sensor detects refractive index changes as small as 10⁻⁴. The FOM, defined as the inverse of the full width at half maximum, exceeds 30 1/RIU, reaching up to 250 1/RIU due to sharp resonance peaks. Compared to other THz sensors, this design offers enhanced performance in sensing gases like SOx, NOx, and CO, while maintaining a simple structure.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-82704-0Twisted fiberPhotonic crystal fiberTerahertz sensorToxic gases |
| spellingShingle | Vahid Sharif Hana Saberi Hassan Pakarzadeh Designing a terahertz optical sensor based on helically twisted photonic crystal fiber for toxic gas sensing Scientific Reports Twisted fiber Photonic crystal fiber Terahertz sensor Toxic gases |
| title | Designing a terahertz optical sensor based on helically twisted photonic crystal fiber for toxic gas sensing |
| title_full | Designing a terahertz optical sensor based on helically twisted photonic crystal fiber for toxic gas sensing |
| title_fullStr | Designing a terahertz optical sensor based on helically twisted photonic crystal fiber for toxic gas sensing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Designing a terahertz optical sensor based on helically twisted photonic crystal fiber for toxic gas sensing |
| title_short | Designing a terahertz optical sensor based on helically twisted photonic crystal fiber for toxic gas sensing |
| title_sort | designing a terahertz optical sensor based on helically twisted photonic crystal fiber for toxic gas sensing |
| topic | Twisted fiber Photonic crystal fiber Terahertz sensor Toxic gases |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-82704-0 |
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