On the Penetration of Projectiles into Semi-Infinite Concrete Targets in a Coupled Deforming and Eroding Regime

With the advancement of high-velocity kinetic energy weapons, the impact velocity encountered by concrete protective structures has evolved from low to high velocity ranges, rendering traditional rigid projectile penetration theories inadequate for accurately describing the physical mechanisms of de...

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Main Authors: Hengwei Xu, Yonggang Lu, Junrun Li, Xing Chen, Xiaowei Feng, Zhengcao Lu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Buildings
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/10/1607
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author Hengwei Xu
Yonggang Lu
Junrun Li
Xing Chen
Xiaowei Feng
Zhengcao Lu
author_facet Hengwei Xu
Yonggang Lu
Junrun Li
Xing Chen
Xiaowei Feng
Zhengcao Lu
author_sort Hengwei Xu
collection DOAJ
description With the advancement of high-velocity kinetic energy weapons, the impact velocity encountered by concrete protective structures has evolved from low to high velocity ranges, rendering traditional rigid projectile penetration theories inadequate for accurately describing the physical mechanisms of deformation and erosion coupling during penetration. This study establishes a theoretical analytical framework for penetration dynamics under high-velocity conditions with coupled deformation and erosion effects: the critical velocity threshold distinguishing between rigid projectile penetration and hydrodynamic penetration modes is precisely defined based on the initial impact velocity <i>V</i><sub>0</sub>. By integrating empirical mass erosion formulas with cavity expansion theory, a theoretical model encompassing coupled deformation and erosion effects has been developed, incorporating both projectile cross-sectional area evolution and penetration depth prediction. Comparative analysis with published experimental data (small-scale projectiles vertically impacting concrete targets) demonstrates the model’s predictive accuracy, showing maximum errors of 9.5% in critical velocity prediction, 17.89% in projectile cross-sectional area prediction, and 24.4% in penetration depth prediction.
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spelling doaj-art-62e0fdac8109464bb0f7abf346ecef282025-08-20T01:56:29ZengMDPI AGBuildings2075-53092025-05-011510160710.3390/buildings15101607On the Penetration of Projectiles into Semi-Infinite Concrete Targets in a Coupled Deforming and Eroding RegimeHengwei Xu0Yonggang Lu1Junrun Li2Xing Chen3Xiaowei Feng4Zhengcao Lu5Institute of Systems of Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, ChinaInstitute of Systems of Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, ChinaInstitute of Systems of Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, ChinaInstitute of Systems of Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, ChinaInstitute of Systems of Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, ChinaInstitute of Systems of Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, ChinaWith the advancement of high-velocity kinetic energy weapons, the impact velocity encountered by concrete protective structures has evolved from low to high velocity ranges, rendering traditional rigid projectile penetration theories inadequate for accurately describing the physical mechanisms of deformation and erosion coupling during penetration. This study establishes a theoretical analytical framework for penetration dynamics under high-velocity conditions with coupled deformation and erosion effects: the critical velocity threshold distinguishing between rigid projectile penetration and hydrodynamic penetration modes is precisely defined based on the initial impact velocity <i>V</i><sub>0</sub>. By integrating empirical mass erosion formulas with cavity expansion theory, a theoretical model encompassing coupled deformation and erosion effects has been developed, incorporating both projectile cross-sectional area evolution and penetration depth prediction. Comparative analysis with published experimental data (small-scale projectiles vertically impacting concrete targets) demonstrates the model’s predictive accuracy, showing maximum errors of 9.5% in critical velocity prediction, 17.89% in projectile cross-sectional area prediction, and 24.4% in penetration depth prediction.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/10/1607impact velocityprojectile deformationmass erosioncritical velocitydepth of penetration
spellingShingle Hengwei Xu
Yonggang Lu
Junrun Li
Xing Chen
Xiaowei Feng
Zhengcao Lu
On the Penetration of Projectiles into Semi-Infinite Concrete Targets in a Coupled Deforming and Eroding Regime
Buildings
impact velocity
projectile deformation
mass erosion
critical velocity
depth of penetration
title On the Penetration of Projectiles into Semi-Infinite Concrete Targets in a Coupled Deforming and Eroding Regime
title_full On the Penetration of Projectiles into Semi-Infinite Concrete Targets in a Coupled Deforming and Eroding Regime
title_fullStr On the Penetration of Projectiles into Semi-Infinite Concrete Targets in a Coupled Deforming and Eroding Regime
title_full_unstemmed On the Penetration of Projectiles into Semi-Infinite Concrete Targets in a Coupled Deforming and Eroding Regime
title_short On the Penetration of Projectiles into Semi-Infinite Concrete Targets in a Coupled Deforming and Eroding Regime
title_sort on the penetration of projectiles into semi infinite concrete targets in a coupled deforming and eroding regime
topic impact velocity
projectile deformation
mass erosion
critical velocity
depth of penetration
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/10/1607
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