Rapid Quantification of <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium in Ground Chicken Using Immunomagnetic Chemiluminescent Assay
Many countries have established regulatory frameworks to monitor and mitigate <i>Salmonella</i> contamination in poultry products. The ability to rapidly quantify <i>Salmonella</i> is critical for poultry processors to facilitate early detection, implement corrective measures...
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| author | Sandhya Thapa Niraj Ghimire Fur-Chi Chen |
| author_facet | Sandhya Thapa Niraj Ghimire Fur-Chi Chen |
| author_sort | Sandhya Thapa |
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| description | Many countries have established regulatory frameworks to monitor and mitigate <i>Salmonella</i> contamination in poultry products. The ability to rapidly quantify <i>Salmonella</i> is critical for poultry processors to facilitate early detection, implement corrective measures, and enhance product safety. This study aimed to develop an Immunomagnetic Chemiluminescent Assay (IMCA) for the quantification of <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium in ground chicken. Immunomagnetic microbeads functionalized with monoclonal antibodies were employed to selectively capture and concentrate <i>Salmonella</i> from ground chicken samples. A biotin-labeled monoclonal antibody, followed by an avidin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate, was used to bind the captured bacteria and initiate a chemiluminescent reaction catalyzed by peroxidase. Light emission was quantified in relative light units (RLUs) using two luminometers. Ground chicken samples were inoculated with a four-strain S. Typhimurium cocktail ranging from 0 to 3.5 Log CFU/g. Bacterial concentrations were confirmed using the Most Probable Number (MPN) method. Samples underwent enrichment in Buffered Peptone Water (BPW) supplemented with BAX MP Supplement at 42 °C for 6 and 8 h before analysis via IMCA. A linear regression analysis demonstrated that the optimal quantification of <i>Salmonella</i> was achieved at the 8 h enrichment period (R<sup>2</sup> ≥ 0.89), as compared to the 6 h enrichment. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was determined to be below 1 CFU/g. A strong positive correlation (R<sup>2</sup> ≥ 0.88) was observed between IMCA and MPN results, indicating methodological consistency. These findings support the application of IMCA as a rapid and reliable method for the detection and quantification of <i>Salmonella</i> in ground chicken. |
| format | Article |
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| spelling | doaj-art-62df6c9c4e6c49709b67130b759e58902025-08-20T02:18:04ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072025-04-0113487110.3390/microorganisms13040871Rapid Quantification of <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium in Ground Chicken Using Immunomagnetic Chemiluminescent AssaySandhya Thapa0Niraj Ghimire1Fur-Chi Chen2Department of Food and Animal Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USADepartment of Food and Animal Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USADepartment of Food and Animal Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USAMany countries have established regulatory frameworks to monitor and mitigate <i>Salmonella</i> contamination in poultry products. The ability to rapidly quantify <i>Salmonella</i> is critical for poultry processors to facilitate early detection, implement corrective measures, and enhance product safety. This study aimed to develop an Immunomagnetic Chemiluminescent Assay (IMCA) for the quantification of <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium in ground chicken. Immunomagnetic microbeads functionalized with monoclonal antibodies were employed to selectively capture and concentrate <i>Salmonella</i> from ground chicken samples. A biotin-labeled monoclonal antibody, followed by an avidin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate, was used to bind the captured bacteria and initiate a chemiluminescent reaction catalyzed by peroxidase. Light emission was quantified in relative light units (RLUs) using two luminometers. Ground chicken samples were inoculated with a four-strain S. Typhimurium cocktail ranging from 0 to 3.5 Log CFU/g. Bacterial concentrations were confirmed using the Most Probable Number (MPN) method. Samples underwent enrichment in Buffered Peptone Water (BPW) supplemented with BAX MP Supplement at 42 °C for 6 and 8 h before analysis via IMCA. A linear regression analysis demonstrated that the optimal quantification of <i>Salmonella</i> was achieved at the 8 h enrichment period (R<sup>2</sup> ≥ 0.89), as compared to the 6 h enrichment. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was determined to be below 1 CFU/g. A strong positive correlation (R<sup>2</sup> ≥ 0.88) was observed between IMCA and MPN results, indicating methodological consistency. These findings support the application of IMCA as a rapid and reliable method for the detection and quantification of <i>Salmonella</i> in ground chicken.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/4/871<i>Salmonella</i> Typhimuriumground chickenchemiluminescentimmunomagneticquantificationmonoclonal antibodies |
| spellingShingle | Sandhya Thapa Niraj Ghimire Fur-Chi Chen Rapid Quantification of <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium in Ground Chicken Using Immunomagnetic Chemiluminescent Assay Microorganisms <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium ground chicken chemiluminescent immunomagnetic quantification monoclonal antibodies |
| title | Rapid Quantification of <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium in Ground Chicken Using Immunomagnetic Chemiluminescent Assay |
| title_full | Rapid Quantification of <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium in Ground Chicken Using Immunomagnetic Chemiluminescent Assay |
| title_fullStr | Rapid Quantification of <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium in Ground Chicken Using Immunomagnetic Chemiluminescent Assay |
| title_full_unstemmed | Rapid Quantification of <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium in Ground Chicken Using Immunomagnetic Chemiluminescent Assay |
| title_short | Rapid Quantification of <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium in Ground Chicken Using Immunomagnetic Chemiluminescent Assay |
| title_sort | rapid quantification of i salmonella i typhimurium in ground chicken using immunomagnetic chemiluminescent assay |
| topic | <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium ground chicken chemiluminescent immunomagnetic quantification monoclonal antibodies |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/4/871 |
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