The relationship between cholesterol levels and thyroid eye disease
Background: Thyroid eye disease (TED) is the most prevalent extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves’ disease (GD). Emerging evidence suggests a relationship between elevated total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels and TED. This study aimed to investigate this correlation in the Bra...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Bioscientifica
2025-02-01
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| Series: | European Thyroid Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://etj.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/etj/14/1/ETJ-24-0133.xml |
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| _version_ | 1823863601301028864 |
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| author | Caroline Cardo Roberto Bernardo Santos Ana Beatriz Pinotti Pedro Miklos Sabrina Barbosa Jaconis João Hamilton Romaldini Danilo Villagelin |
| author_facet | Caroline Cardo Roberto Bernardo Santos Ana Beatriz Pinotti Pedro Miklos Sabrina Barbosa Jaconis João Hamilton Romaldini Danilo Villagelin |
| author_sort | Caroline Cardo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Thyroid eye disease (TED) is the most prevalent extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves’ disease (GD). Emerging evidence suggests a relationship between elevated total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels and TED. This study aimed to investigate this correlation in the Brazilian population by analyzing data from two tertiary care centers. Methods: Data were collected from GD patients treated with methimazole between 1999 and 2021, excluding those receiving other treatments. Laboratory results and information on smoking habits, statin use and medications affecting lipid profiles during the euthyroid state were analyzed. Results: Smoking and elevated LDL cholesterol levels were significantly associated with TED activity and severity. Logistic regression revealed correlations between higher LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol and increased clinical activity score (P < 0.01, OR: 1.012, 95% CI: 1.003–1.021; P < 0.01, OR: 1.010, 95% CI: 1.002–1.018). These were also associated with more severe disease forms as defined by EUGOGO (P < 0.01, OR: 1.015, 95% CI: 1.006–1.024; P < 0.005, OR: 1.011, 95% CI: 1.004–1.019). Multiple regression confirmed that TED activity was significantly correlated with LDL cholesterol (P < 0.01) and smoking status (P < 0.01). Disease severity was associated with reduced HDL cholesterol (P < 0.05, OR: 0.973, 95% CI: 0.948–0.999), elevated LDL cholesterol (P < 0.005, OR: 1.013, 95% CI: 1.004–1.023) and active smoking (P < 0.05, OR: 2.881, 95% CI: 1.190–6.971). Conclusion: Elevated LDL cholesterol may serve as a potential indicator of TED. Further research is needed to determine whether lipid-lowering interventions could reduce TED risk or improve its management. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-62d2e17760494eec8a4032c206fbdc6d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2235-0802 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Bioscientifica |
| record_format | Article |
| series | European Thyroid Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-62d2e17760494eec8a4032c206fbdc6d2025-02-09T12:03:21ZengBioscientificaEuropean Thyroid Journal2235-08022025-02-0114110.1530/ETJ-24-01331The relationship between cholesterol levels and thyroid eye diseaseCaroline Cardo0Roberto Bernardo Santos1Ana Beatriz Pinotti Pedro Miklos2Sabrina Barbosa Jaconis3João Hamilton Romaldini4Danilo Villagelin5Postgraduate Course Internal Medicine, Campinas State University, Campinas. Brazil. Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital PUC-Campinas, Campinas, BrazilEndocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital PUC-Campinas, Campinas, BrazilEndocrinology and Metabolism, São Paulo State Public Servant Hospital (IAMSPE), São Paulo, BrazilInternal Medicine, Hospital PUC-Campinas, Campinas, BrazilEndocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital PUC-Campinas, Campinas, BrazilPostgraduate Course Internal Medicine, Campinas State University, Campinas., Brazil. Medical School, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, Campinas, BrazilBackground: Thyroid eye disease (TED) is the most prevalent extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves’ disease (GD). Emerging evidence suggests a relationship between elevated total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels and TED. This study aimed to investigate this correlation in the Brazilian population by analyzing data from two tertiary care centers. Methods: Data were collected from GD patients treated with methimazole between 1999 and 2021, excluding those receiving other treatments. Laboratory results and information on smoking habits, statin use and medications affecting lipid profiles during the euthyroid state were analyzed. Results: Smoking and elevated LDL cholesterol levels were significantly associated with TED activity and severity. Logistic regression revealed correlations between higher LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol and increased clinical activity score (P < 0.01, OR: 1.012, 95% CI: 1.003–1.021; P < 0.01, OR: 1.010, 95% CI: 1.002–1.018). These were also associated with more severe disease forms as defined by EUGOGO (P < 0.01, OR: 1.015, 95% CI: 1.006–1.024; P < 0.005, OR: 1.011, 95% CI: 1.004–1.019). Multiple regression confirmed that TED activity was significantly correlated with LDL cholesterol (P < 0.01) and smoking status (P < 0.01). Disease severity was associated with reduced HDL cholesterol (P < 0.05, OR: 0.973, 95% CI: 0.948–0.999), elevated LDL cholesterol (P < 0.005, OR: 1.013, 95% CI: 1.004–1.023) and active smoking (P < 0.05, OR: 2.881, 95% CI: 1.190–6.971). Conclusion: Elevated LDL cholesterol may serve as a potential indicator of TED. Further research is needed to determine whether lipid-lowering interventions could reduce TED risk or improve its management.https://etj.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/etj/14/1/ETJ-24-0133.xmlthyroid eye diseasecholesterolgraves’ diseasehyperthyroidism |
| spellingShingle | Caroline Cardo Roberto Bernardo Santos Ana Beatriz Pinotti Pedro Miklos Sabrina Barbosa Jaconis João Hamilton Romaldini Danilo Villagelin The relationship between cholesterol levels and thyroid eye disease European Thyroid Journal thyroid eye disease cholesterol graves’ disease hyperthyroidism |
| title | The relationship between cholesterol levels and thyroid eye disease |
| title_full | The relationship between cholesterol levels and thyroid eye disease |
| title_fullStr | The relationship between cholesterol levels and thyroid eye disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | The relationship between cholesterol levels and thyroid eye disease |
| title_short | The relationship between cholesterol levels and thyroid eye disease |
| title_sort | relationship between cholesterol levels and thyroid eye disease |
| topic | thyroid eye disease cholesterol graves’ disease hyperthyroidism |
| url | https://etj.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/etj/14/1/ETJ-24-0133.xml |
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